Abstract
There is a lack of understanding of the interaction between anammox bacteria and the flanking microbial communities in both freshwater (non-saline) and marine (saline) ecosystems. Here, we present a comparative genome-based exploration of two different anammox bioreactors, through the analysis of 23 metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs), 12 from freshwater anammox reactor (FWR), and 11 from marine anammox reactor (MWR). To understand the contribution of individual members to community functions, we applied the index of replication (iRep) to determine bacteria that are actively replicating. Using genomic content and iRep information, we provided a potential ecological role for the dominant members of the community based on the reactor operating conditions. In the non-saline system, anammox (Candidatus Brocadia sinica) and auxotrophic neighboring bacteria belonging to the phyla Ignavibacteriae and Chloroflexi might interact to reduce nitrate to nitrite for direct use by anammox bacteria. Whereas, in the saline reactor, anammox bacterium (Ca. Scalindua erythraensis) and flanking community belonging to phyla Planctomycetes (different than anammox bacteria)—which persistently growing in the system—may catabolize detritus and extracellular material and recycle nitrate to nitrite for direct use by anammox bacteria. Despite different microbial communities, there was functional redundancy in both ecosystems. These results signify the potential application of marine anammox bacteria for treating saline N-rich wastewaters.
Highlights
Microbial communities are an abundant natural resource that represents functional biological entities with diverse metabolic capacities
The anammox bacteria belonging to genera Kuenenia, Brocadia, Anammoxoglobus, and Jettenia predominantly found in freshwater ecosystems and the bacteria belonging to genus Scalindua are primarily found in marine ecosystems (Sonthiphand et al, 2014)
We mainly focused on functional redundancy in terms of nitrogen removal processes of phylogenetically distant anammox bacteria in saline and non-saline ecosystems
Summary
Microbial communities are an abundant natural resource that represents functional biological entities with diverse metabolic capacities. Biological wastewater treatment systems are the most common large-scale examples of these strategies where microbes remove organic and inorganic pollutants, including ammonium (NH+4 ), Functional Redundancy in Anammox Cultures from wastewaters. More than 30 anammox species, divided among five candidate genera within the Planctomycetes phylum have been detected in nonsaline engineered and natural ecosystems, and marine (saline) environments (Ali and Okabe, 2015). Distinct partitioning of anammox bacterial communities among natural and engineered ecosystems have been observed, and it has been postulated that the global distribution pattern of anammox bacteria is governed primarily by salinity (Sonthiphand et al, 2014), their kinetic characteristics (Dale et al, 2009; Sonthiphand et al, 2014), and better aggregation ability (Ali et al, 2018)
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