Abstract
The lowered immunity of patients with chronic kidney diseases and the increased bacterial resistance to a control antibiotic have given rise to the need to research and offer reliable evidences for the therapeutic values of the leafy vegetables like Vernonia amygdalina (Bitter leaf) and Gongronema latifolium (Utazi) in treating urinary tract infections caused by Gram negative bacteria. One hundred and twenty-seven (127) midstream urine samples were aseptically collected from patients suspected to develop renal diseases who attend the Specialist Hospital, Owerri into sterile, screw-capped universal containers and were inoculated onto CLED, EMB, Blood agar and MacConkey agar plates. These plates were then incubated at 37°C for 24 hours to obtain pure colonies. Out of the one hundred and twenty-seven (127) urine samples, forty-three (33.86%) samples yielded no significant growth whereas eighty-four (66.14%) yielded significant bacterial growth. The predominant Gram negative isolate from the samples was Escherichia coli 35(41.67%), while the least isolated Gram negative organism was Proteus mirabilis9(10.71%). Other Gram negative isolates include Klebsiella pneumoniae 24(28.57%) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa 16(19.05%). Among the Gram negative isolates, Klebsiella pneumoniae had the highest mean zone of inhibition; (8.28), with Escherichia coli having the least mean zone of inhibition; (4.45). Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Proteus mirabilis; (6.75), respectively. Ciprofloxacin which was the control antibiotic had statistical significant difference (P<0.05) on the Gram negative isolates when compared with the aqueous and ethanolic extracts of the plants. Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Proteus mirabilis were completely resistant to the antimicrobial activity of Vernonia amygdalina aqueous extract. At 50mg/mL, Klebsiella pneumoniae was found to be resistant while at 75-150 mg/mL concentrations, an insignificant mean zone of inhibition was noted. Generally, the ethanolic extracts sho
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