Abstract
Abstract The inline or branching water hammer control strategies, which are based on the insertion of compound plastic short-penstock or inline section at the transient-induced region of main pipes, illustrated a promising ability to upgrade steel pipe-based hydraulic systems concerning the extension of admissible pressure level. In this respect, prior results suggested that the specific layout utilizing an (HDPE–LDPE) compound short-penstock (where the (HDPE) sub-short-penstock is attached to the main steel pipe and the (LDPE) sub-short-penstock corresponds to the short-penstock dead-end side) provided significant attenuation of pressure magnitude. Concurrently, recent studies concluded that the (HDPE–LDPE) compound short-section-based inline strategy provided substantial attenuation of pressure magnitude. However, these strategies illustrated a drawback relying on the expansion of the period of pressure wave oscillations. Accordingly, this study assessed and compared the capacities of the compound technique concerning the trade-off between the magnitude-attenuation and the period-expansion of pressure wave oscillations. The findings of these analyses showed that the (HDPE–LDPE) compound short-penstock particular setup of the branching strategy allowed the best trade-off between the attenuation of magnitude and the period expansion of pressure wave oscillations. Furthermore, results showed the competitiveness of the latter upgrading strategy as compared to the (HDPE) or (LDPE) main pipe-based renewed hydraulic systems.
Highlights
Water supply systems operate over a broad range of operating regimes
This research aims at gaining further insight into the water hammer control topic by comprehensively assessing and comparing the capacities of the compound technique-based inline and branching strategies in terms of the trade-off provided by an (HDPE– LDPE) compound inline-short-section and that allowed by an (HDPE–LDPE) compound short-penstock
Is more important than the one deduced, previously, in the first test case. These results suggest that the (HDPE– LDPE) compound short-penstock-based upgraded system provides more important ratios than the upgraded system utilizing an (HDPE–LDPE) compound short-inline section: {αþHDPE–LDPE 1⁄4 22:1 m=s and αÀHDPE–LDPE 1⁄4 10:8 m=s} or {α0HþDPE–LDPE 1⁄4 26:5 m=s and α0HÀDPE–LDPE 1⁄4 14:3 m=s}, respectively
Summary
Water supply systems operate over a broad range of operating regimes. Occasionally, the improper setting of hydraulic parts or the breakdown of hydraulic machinery leads to large magnitudes of pressure wave fluctuations and may even cause the onset of a cavitating flow regime. Depending on the magnitude of these pressure surges, commonly referred to as water hammer surge-waves, the hydraulic system may experience undesirable effects (e.g. perturbation in serviceability, structural vibrations, and excessive noise) or extensive costly damages (e.g. pipe collapse or bursting, rupture of the piping system); and the operators’ safety may even be risked (Bergant & Simpson ; Thorley ; Besharat et al ; Zhang et al ; Du et al ) It is, essential to anticipate and mitigate excessive water hammer surges in the design stage of water supply systems and to define safe operation guidelines of these systems in advance. The period value of pressure wave oscillation is used to set out the operational procedures of hydraulic parts
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