Abstract
Supercritical carbon dioxide extraction allowed to obtain the volatile oil of different aerial parts of Ridolfia segetum (L.) Moris. Extraction conditions were as follows: pressure, 90 bar; temperature, 50°C and carbon dioxide flow, Φ = 1.0 kg h−1. Waxes were entrapped in the first separator set at 90 bar and −10°C. The oil was recovered in the second separator working at 15 bar and 10°C. The main components of the flower oil were α-phellandrene (19.4%), terpinolene (20.5%), piperitenone oxide (11.6%), β-phellandrene (8.2%), (Z)-β-ocimene (7.8%), myristicin (7.5%) and p-cymene (4.4%). The comparison with the hydrodistilled (HD) oil reveal that the significative difference was the content of sesquiterpenes which are higher in the supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) products. Collection of samples at different extraction times during supercritical extraction, allowed to monitor the change of the oil composition. Lighter compounds, as hydrocarbon monoterpenes, were extracted in shorter times than the heavier hydrocarbon and oxygenated sesquiterpenes. The oil from the steams was characterized by a high content of α-phellandrene (12.9%), terpinolene (11.6%), myristicin (11.0%), p-cymene (9.9%), β-phellandrene (8.2%) and (Z)-β-ocimene (6.0%) while the main components of the fruits were found to be myristicin (70.8%), piperitenone oxide (19.9%) and dill apiole (4.2%).
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