Comparative analysis of the effectiveness of centr ifugation protocols for pre-treatment of sperm

Background:Artificial insemination (AI) is a reproductive biotechnology that may be influenced by several factors, including the profile of the technicians and the practices used. Assessing technician’s profile and their AI practices can be significant in improving AI success rate.Aim:This study aimed to know the profile and current practices used by AI technicians (AITs), to determine the success rates of AI in water buffaloes in Leyte, Samar, and Biliran from 2011 to 2015, and to evaluate the possible association between the parameters investigated.Materials and Methods:A total of 50 AITs from Leyte, Samar and Biliran, Philippines, were interviewed using a fixed questionnaire about their profile and employed AI practices, and 20,455 AI-related records of the Philippine Carabao Center (PCC) at Visayas State University (VSU), Baybay City, Leyte, were screened and analyzed. AI success rates were determined by retrospective analysis of the gathered data. Statistical analysis was performed between the technician profile and practices and the AI success rates.Results:Results revealed that most of the technicians were male, around 31-40 years old, married, college graduates, working under local government units, had other sources of income, and with 1-5 years of continuous AI practice averaging 51-100 inseminations per year. Most of them attended only one basic training seminar, which was conducted more than 3 years ago in PCC in VSU. AI success rates were recorded highest in 2011 and lowest in 2015. Statistical analyses showed that some technician profile parameters (civil status, average AI per year, and the training center) and several practices (checking of soft cervix, rectal palpation, thawing temperature method, straw cutting method, and semen deposition) might have an influence on the success of AI.Conclusion:This study documents the first report on AIT’s profile and their employed AI practices and the AI success rates in Leyte, Samar, and Biliran, Philippines. Selected profile parameters and AI practices may influence AI success rates. AITs should perform more AI services and revisit the employed practices.

The enhancement of the implementation of Artificial Insemination program is one of the government's efforts to boost the cattle’s population in Indonesia, especially the eastern part of Indonesia. Gowa Regency through the Department of Fisheries and Livestock has been implementing Artificial Insemination (AI), especially in District of Tombolo Pao which has been running for 3 years. This study was conducted to see how far the success rate of AI in District of Tombolo Pao by looking at the influence of several factors: the origin and quality of the frozen semen used, the farmers’ characteristics, the inseminator qualifications, S/C ratio, Conception Rate (CR) and Calving Interval (CI). This study was conducted from June to August 2014 in District of Tombolo Pao, Gowa Regency. The basic method used is descriptive and quantitative analysis. The data used is primary and secondary data. This study aims to analyze the factors that support the success of AI in District of Tombolo Pao, Gowa Regency, they are: The origin and quality of frozen semen used; Characteristics of the farmers; the Farmers’ participation on AI; and the success of AI based on the score of Conception Rate (CR), S / C ratio, and Calving Interval (CI). Frozen semens used in AI in District of Tombolo Pao are from the Center of AI in Lembang and Singosari, West Java. The quality of the semen also can be determined from the score of conception rate which is 60-75%. The characteristics of the respondent farmers: the majority age is 30-50 years (75%), most of the farmers’ background is elementary education level (70.5%), with the main livelihood as farmers (79.6%) having averagely 4 -5 cattles (68.2%) and the average period of being a cattle farmer is 7-8 years (86.4%). Participation of farmers in the AI program is very enthusiastic indicated by 79.5% of the farmers agree for crossing their cattle breed through AI technique. The period of the farming, number of livestock and the participation of the farmers in AI program is not significantly influenced the success of AI. However, the success of AI program can be figured out through the score of CR = 60-75% (84.1%); S / C ratio <3 (75%); and CI average of 12 months (70.5%). The age of the farmers is significantly influenced the success 14 of AI in CI score (p <0.05). Level of education significantly influenced the success of AI in CR score (p <0.05).

In the context of agroecological transition, breeding females with robust reproductive performance, leading to prolonged lactation sequences, is valuable for farmers. This study aimed to explore the relationship between artificial insemination (AI) success and phenotypic lactation curves that serve as proxies for key biological functions in Alpine and Saanen goats. Using data from two French experimental farms (1996-2021), the study analyzed time series data on milk yield (MY), body weight (BW), and sternal body condition score (BCS_S). These data were modeled at the lactation scale to characterize dynamic profiles and create clusters. Each phenotypic lactation curve was evaluated with three levels of detail: cluster membership, synthetic indicators, and model parameters. To investigate AI success, three datasets were used: 638 lactations with complete MY, BW, and BCS_S data; 1,359 lactations with MY and BW; and separate sets with 1,731 MY and 795 BCS_S records. A mixed logistic regression model (year as a random effect) assessed the relationship between AI success and phenotypic lactation curve characteristics. Results showed that for primiparous goats, AI success was influenced by MY clusters (p<0.05), while in multiparous goats, MY and BCS_S clusters did not influence AI success. However, indicators such as persistency (p<0.001) and BW repletion speed (p<0.001) were significant. Overall, the lactation curve shape was more important to AI success than milk production level, offering insights for enhancing reproductive performance in dairy goats.

El éxito de la inseminación artificial (IA) en ganado ovino se basa en los valores obtenidos de fecundidad, fertilidad, y prolificidad. El objetivo de este trabajo es valorar la importancia práctica sobre dicho éxito de diversos factores ambientales, ajenos al proceso de recogida y preparación del semen propiamente dicho: identidad del macho, ganadería, mes de la inseminación, temperatura ambiental, circunstancias ambientales, realización o no de flushing, manejo durante la inseminación, desarrollo de la inseminación, técnico inseminador, centro de recogida de semen, año, día tras el parto. Se han analizado datos de los últimos 10 años correspondientes a 5935 lotes, con un total de 58 602 ovejas Rasa Aragonesa, procedentes de 172 explotaciones. Se han detectado numerosos factores con efectos significativos (p&lt;0,010) sobre el éxito de IA (macho, mes IA; temperatura ambiental, flushing, desarrollo de Ia IA y ganadería), pero, en general, cada uno de ellos explica por separado una pequeña parte de la variación en el éxito de la IA. Alcanzar los mejores resultados posibles en los protocolos de IA ovina requiere el control de dichos factores ambientales durante la inseminación; una buena formación y experiencia del inseminador y una total coordinación de la actuación de técnicos y ganaderos son imprescindibles.

REPRODUCTION PERFORMANCE OF ONGOLE CROSSBRED COWS MATED BY THE ARTIFICIAL INSEMINATION TECHNIQUE AT WEST TOMPASO DISTRICT, MINAHASA REGENCY. Artificial Insemination (AI) was the first generation in biotechnology of animal reproduction in Indonesia. Nowdays, Indonesian government still rely on AI to increase genetic quality and animal productivity especially for beef cattle and dairy cattle. The success of AI related with reproduction performance was determined by variabels of conception rate (C/R), service per conception (S/C) and calving interval (CI). West Tompaso District in Minahasa Regency had applied AI as government program since 2013. However, the scientific information about the success of AI in that location has not been well documented. The aim of this study was to evaluate the success of AI on acceptor’s reproduction performance aspect. Total AI acceptor samples used in this study were 63 head of Ongole crossbred cows. Research was conducted using study case involving primary and secondary data sources. Collecting data was done by interviewing the farmers picked by purposive sampling method. Variables observed included C/R, S/C and CI analyzed by decriptive-qualitative data analysis. The result showed that C/R was 55,56%, S/C was 1,44 and CI was 359,6 days. Therefore, it can be concluded that the reproduction of Ongole crossbred cows as AI acceptors was categorized into good performance. Keywords : Ongole crossbred cows, artificial insemination, conception rate, service per conception, calving interval

The seminal plasma (SP) plays significant roles in fertilization processes including capacitation, acrosome reaction, and interaction between sperm and the oocyte. In addition, the SP provides an immunomodulatory effect by the cytokines that it contains, in the female reproductive tract. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of intrauterine seminal plasma infusion on the success of artificial insemination (AI) in Holstein cows. In the study, a total of 60 multiparous Holstein cows were treated with the Ovsynch protocol (10 μg GnRH on day 0, 500 μg PGF2α on day 7, and 10 μg GnRH on day 9), and artificial insemination was performed 16-18 h after the second GnRH. The cows were categorized into four groups based on the number of AI during lactation period; Group-I (Control AI≤2): inseminated once or twice, Grup- II (SP+AI≤2): inseminated once or twice and infused intrauterine SP, Grup-III (Control AI≥3): inseminated thrice or more, Grup-IV (SP+AI≥3): inseminated thrice or more and infused intrauterine SP. SPs were obtained from 5 Holstein bulls. They were mixed and infused into the corpus uterine immediately before AI. Pregnancy diagnosis by ultrasonography was performed on the 32nd, 60th and 95th days after AI. The conception rates were found 53.3%, 60%, 26.6% and 40%, respectively, between the groups at the 32nd and 60th days after AI (P&gt;0.05). The pregnancy loss was found only in two cows (25%) of Group I, on the day 95th (P&gt;0.05). The days of lactation between the groups were 110±23.2, 104±28.2, 238±53 and 221±46.7, respectively, and were found to statistically significant (P

The seminal plasma (SP) plays significant roles in fertilization processes including capacitation, acrosome reaction, and interaction between sperm and the oocyte. In addition, the SP provides an immunomodulatory effect by the cytokines that it contains, in the female reproductive tract. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of intrauterine seminal plasma infusion on the success of artificial insemination (AI) in Holstein cows. In the study, a total of 60 multiparous Holstein cows were treated with the Ovsynch protocol (10 μg GnRH on day 0, 500 μg PGF2α on day 7, and 10 μg GnRH on day 9), and artificial insemination was performed 16-18 h after the second GnRH. The cows were categorized into four groups based on the number of AI during lactation period; Group-I (Control AI≤2): inseminated once or twice, Grup- II (SP+AI≤2): inseminated once or twice and infused intrauterine SP, Grup-III (Control AI≥3): inseminated thrice or more, Grup-IV (SP+AI≥3): inseminated thrice or more and infused intrauterine SP. SPs were obtained from 5 Holstein bulls. They were mixed and infused into the corpus uterine immediately before AI. Pregnancy diagnosis by ultrasonography was performed on the 32nd, 60th and 95th days after AI. The conception rates were found 53.3%, 60%, 26.6% and 40%, respectively, between the groups at the 32nd and 60th days after AI (P&amp;gt;0.05). The pregnancy loss was found only in two cows (25%) of Group I, on the day 95th (P&amp;gt;0.05). The days of lactation between the groups were 110±23.2, 104±28.2, 238±53 and 221±46.7, respectively, and were found to statistically significant (P&amp;lt;0.05). The results indicate that the application of seminal plasma is promising for pregnancy success in re-inseminated cows. However, it is considered that further studies based on proteomics or gene expression profiles of seminal plasma and uterine tissue in a large cow population are needed to verify this prediction.

Ketosis, mastitis, metritis, and LDA are diseases that often occur during the first two weeks of lactation and cause significant economic loss. The relationships between ketosis, mastitis, metritis, LDA, and several combinations of diseases and the first artificial insemination were discussed. This study aimed to describe the effect of diseases diagnosed during the postpartum period on the success of artificial insemination. This study was conducted using an observational cross-sectional approach. A total of 341 data samples were obtained, which consisted of 103 cattle without disease, 107 cattle diagnosed with ketosis, 51 cattle diagnosed with metritis, 5 cattle diagnosed with LDA, 20 cattle diagnosed with a combination of ketosis and mastitis, 20 cattle diagnosed with a combination of ketosis and metritis, and 6 cattle diagnosed with a combination of mastitis and metritis. Data analysis was carried out using bivariate analysis and tested using the chi-square test. The P values for ketosis, mastitis, metritis, LDA, ketosis-mastitis, ketosis-metritis, and mastitis-metritis were 0.756, 0.099, 0.972, 0.261, 0.276, 0.276, and 0.450, respectively. This study suggested that a history of disease during the postpartum period did not significantly affect cattle first artificial insemination.

Reproductive biotechnologies such as artificial insemination could be very useful for South American camelids, allowing widespread use of semen from breeding males with desirable genetics. However, artificial insemination is not widely employed in these species and is considered to have low overall efficiency. This is due in part to incomplete knowledge about the physiology of conception in these species, and also to challenges presented by semen collection and handling. Several recent reviews have centered on female camelid reproduction; therefore, in this review, the focus is on semen handling. Various semen collection methods are presented. Different methods of reducing seminal viscosity are compared, such as needling, enzyme treatment, and colloid centrifugation. Use of enzymes remains controversial because of widely differing results among research groups. Colloid centrifugation, particularly single layer centrifugation, has proved to be successful in facilitating development of sperm handling techniques in dromedary camels, and has also been used with llama semen. Therefore, protocols for colloid centrifugation of alpaca semen could be developed in the future.

Biotechnologies of reproduction like artificial insemination were identified as a mean to intensify the local production. Therefore, some factors are still responsible to the failure of their applications in rural area. This survey was conducted from April to June 2023, to evaluate the effects of age, body weight, body condition score (BCS), calving rank, postpartum to artificial insemination interval and feed complementation on the success rate of artificial insemination in females Goudali. Thus, activities took place at two peri-urban livestock farms in the town of Ngaoundéré, in the Adamaoua region of Cameroon where 34 cows were concerned. The selected cows have an average of 8.21±2.41 years old, a body weight of 343±52.28 kg, a body condition score of 3.23±0.55, a calving rank of 2.21±1.22 and a postpartum to insemination interval of 4.39±1.40 months. The induction and synchronization of estrus were carried out based on the PRID-PGF2α-PMSG protocol which allowed to obtain a synchronization rate of 97.06% and the insemination were done 56-57 hours after the previous operation, with an imported semen of Brahman bull. During rectal palpation and early pregnancy diagnosis based on progesterone level measurement, the result shown that, 20 cows out of 33 inseminated were pregnant. The success rate of artificial insemination recorded was 60.6%. Amongst all the studied factors, analysis shown no significant (P&amp;gt; 0.05) effect on the success rate after artificial insemination. Thus, recommendations were made to popularize the use of artificial insemination and early pregnancy diagnosis test as a mean to improve reproductive performances of local farms. However, studies must be done to evaluate the cost of their applications in rural areas.

Factors affecting the success of laparoscopic artificial insemination in sheep

The successful implementation of the artificial insemination (AI) program is a Measurement of the amount reproductive efficiency value that achieved. The value of the efficiency of the successful of artificial insemination (AI) can be assessed by measuring the rate per pregnancy or Service per Conception (S/C), calving distance or Calving Interval (CI) and pregnancy rate or Conception Rate (CR). This research has been carried out in Muaro Jambi Regency from September 11, 2021 to October 01, 2021. This study aims to determine the success of artificial insemination (AI)) in Bali cow in Muaro Jambi Regency and to determine Service Per Conception (S/C), Conception Rate (CR), and Calcing Interval (CI). This research was conducted using a survey method where the sampling method (respondents) was purposive sampling of respondents who has the criteria, namely respondents who had mother cows who had given birth at least 2 times to breeders in Jambi Luar Kota District, Muaro Jambi Regency and were married by artificial insemination (AI). The changes observed were Service per Conception (S/C), calving interval or Calving Interval (CI) and pregnancy rate or Conception Rate (CR). The data obtained were processed. The results showed that the successful of artificial insemination (AI) in Muaro Jambi Regency in the form of Service per Conception (S/C) which was 1,58, calving interval (CI) of 14,05 months and pregnancy rate or Conception Rate (CR). ) ) of 56,14%. It can be concluded that the successful of Synthetic Insemination (SI) in Muaro Jambi Regency can be categorized as having succeeded optimally, it can be seen from the service per concept (S/C), calving interval (CI) and the level of conception (CR).

Uterine tone influences fertility of Merino ewes following laparoscopic artificial insemination

&#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D; Research on the effect of influence of experience and age of the artificial insemination officer on the success of artificial insemination (AI) in dairy cows has been conducted. This study aims to determine and examine the ef- fect of influence of experience and age of the artificial insemination officer on the success of artificial insemination (AI) in dairy cows. The research was conducted in December 2022–January 2023 in Lembang District, Bandung Barat. The method used is the survey method. The material used was an artificial insemination officer at the Kope- rasi Peternak Sapi Bandung Utara (KPSBU) Lembang. The variables observed to determine AI success are service conception (S/C), conception rate (C/R). The data analysis used in this study is quantitative descriptive analysis and simple correlation analysis. The results showed that the AI officer experience was an average of 19 years and an average age of 39 years. Average S/C value is 1.84 , Average C/R value is 64.50%. The results of a simple correlation analysis showed that the experience and age of the inseminator had no real effect (P&gt;0.05) on the success of AI in dairy cows. It was concluded that the success rate of AI in dairy cattle based on S/C and CR in Lembang District was good, but the experience and age of the artificial insemination officer did not have a significant effect on the success of artificial insemination in dairy cows.&#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D;

Simple SummaryThe Purebred Spanish Horse, according to our clinical experience, is characterized by having a high number of stallions that do not meet the international commercial recommendations for equine-sperm cryopreservation. We investigated if the incorporation of single-layer colloidal centrifugation prior to cryopreservation in clinical conditions could increase the number of ejaculates of Purebred Spanish stallions suitable for this processing. Using colloidal centrifugation, the percentage of ejaculates available to be frozen was increased from 35% to 71%, allowing us to obtain from poor-quality fresh ejaculates thawed sperm doses with similar sperm quality to that of good-quality fresh ejaculates. These results could potentially be of great interest in the equine reproductive industry when dealing with other individuals or breeds in which, initially, low sperm quality prevents or limits their inclusion in sperm-cryopreservation programs.The Purebred Spanish Horse, according to our clinical experience, is characterized by having a high number of stallions that do not meet the international commercial recommendations for equine-sperm cryopreservation. This means that artificial insemination with frozen semen from these stallions is less widespread than in other breeds. In this study, we investigated if the incorporation of single-layer colloidal centrifugation prior to cryopreservation in clinical conditions could increase the number of ejaculates of Purebred Spanish stallions suitable for this processing, observing the influence of centrifugation and freezing extender protocol on post-thawed sperm motility. Using colloidal centrifugation, the percentage of ejaculates available to be frozen was increased from 35% (6/17) to 71% (12/17), doubling the number of samples that could have been subjected to cryopreservation. We only found significant differences in linearity (LIN) and lateral head displacement (ALH) after 5 min of incubation at 37 °C between colloidal and simple centrifugation processing techniques. No significant differences were found between the two different colloidal protocols in any of the variables considered. Colloidal centrifugation allowed us to obtain, from worse fresh-quality ejaculates, thawed sperm doses with similar quality to that of good-quality ejaculates. BotuCrio® produced, in general, higher motility parameters and its characteristics than the other extenders analyzed, with significant differences found in comparison to Inra-Freeze® and Lac-Edta in both total (MOT) and progressive motility (PMOT) when using colloidal centrifugation and only in PMOT when applying simple centrifugation. Colloidal centrifugation optimized the efficiency of cryopreservation, as it allowed us to increase the number of ejaculates of Purebred Spanish Horses suitable to be frozen. Including these semen processing techniques in the freeze test could help to optimize equine-sperm cryopreservation protocols, especially when dealing with individuals or breeds for which initially low sperm quality prevents or limits their inclusion in sperm cryopreservation programs.