Comparative Analysis of Resilience between Technical and Non-Technical Trades in Highly Stressed Workplaces: A Non-experimental Quantitative Modelling Approach

This article investigates the entanglements of resilience-based refugee policies and mental health interventions in the refugee settlement of Palabek, northern Uganda. I argue that both resilience refugee policies and mental health humanitarian interventions stem from a neoliberal logic which shifts responsibility onto individuals for their psychological and economic wellbeing. I show that there are direct links between chronic food insecurity and rates of mental illness among South Sudanese refugees in Palabek settlement. By individualising social suffering, mental health discourses and interventions mask the failures of humanitarian assistance in Uganda. As such, they justify and enable the political abandonment of refugees.

A few years ago, a White Paper was published by the Confederation of European Security Services (CoESS) with the collaboration of the Institut National des Hautes Études de Sécurité (INHES) on the security market of the European Union. The authors identified several reasons why public and private security providers in the member states share the market and why they are bound to cooperate for the public good, that is, the security itself. However, the states’ law enforcement capacities cannot cover all security demands of the public due to the finite (mainly budgetary) resources that always set capacity limits hence congestions in the assignments of police services occur from time to time. Private security operatives fill into the supply gaps occurring in a fragmented security landscape in Europe. Due to the variables in the market share, countries made their patterns in public and private security components, the statutory frameworks, and the traditions concerning the role played by the commercial security sector in overall security provisions. Here a typology may be formed from the clusters of countries following alternative approaches, respectively. There is a border zone between the two sectors. The exclusive public security domain gives way to areas of common interest and moves on to where private security takes precedence, and public actors only play a supervisory role. This article examines the boundary zone in multiple approaches, attempting to stipulate the red line between the two security elements.

이 연구는 우리나라의 민간경비분야에서 대표적인 학회로 볼 수 있는 한국경호경비학회, 한국민간경비학회, 한국치안행정학회를 중심으로 진행되어 온 민간경비 관련 연구들을 고찰해 봄으로써 민간경비 연구분야가 나아가야 할 방향과 목적을 모색하고자 하였다. 따라서 민간경비와 관련된 논문 중 한국경호경학회 93편, 한국민간경비학회 95편, 한국치안행정학회 19편을 대상으로 연도별, 업종별, 주제별, 연구방법에 따라서 분석한 결과 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 첫째, 연도별 민간경비관련 연구는 큰 차이는 나타나지 않지만 3개 주요학회지 게제된 민간경비 연구는 한국민간경비학회, 한국경호경비학회, 한국치안행정학회 순으로 나타났다. 둘째, 업종별로 논문 분포도를 살펴보면 공통 126편(60.9%), 시설경비 41편(19.8%). 특수경비 23편(11.1%), 신변보호 11편(5.3%), 기계경비 6편(2.9%), 호송경비 0편(0%)순으로 나타났다. 셋째, 연구 분야별로 논문분포를 살펴보면 산업·경영 104편(50.2%), 법·제도 46편(22.2%). 교육·자격 32편(15.5%), 범죄·안전 17편(8.2%), 공·사 협력 8편(3.9%)순으로 나타났다. 넷째, 민간경비관련 논문은 양적연구가 79편(38.2%), 질적연구가 128편(61.8%)인 것으로 나타났다.This study aimed to seek for the future direction and purpose of researches on private security by considering the researches related to private security focusing on the representative societies of private security in Korea such as the Korean Security Science Association, Korean Society of Private Security, and Korean Association for Public Security Administration. Thus, in the results of analyzing the theses related to private security including 93 theses from the Korean Security Science Association, 95 theses from the Korean Society of Private Security, and 19 theses from the Korean Association for Public Security Administration according to each year, business type, theme, and research method, this study obtained the conclusions as follows. First, even though there were no huge differences in the researches related to private security in each year, the researches on private security published in those three major journals were shown in the order of the Korean Society of Private Security, Korean Security Science Association, and Korean Association for Public Security Administration. Second, in the results of examining the distribution of theses in each business type, it was shown in the order of 126 theses(60.9%) on commonness, 41 theses(19.8%) on facility security. 23 theses(11.1%) on special security, 11 theses(5.3%) on personal protection, 6 theses(2.9%) on electronic Security, and 0 theses(0%) on escort security. Third, in the results of examining the distribution of theses in each research field, it was shown in the order of 104 theses(50.2%) in industry/management, 46 theses(22.2%) in law/system. 32 theses(15.5%) in education/qualifications, 17 theses(8.2%) in crime/safety, and 8 theses(3.9%) in public-private cooperation. Fourth, the theses related to private security included 79 theses(38.2%) through quantitative research and 128 theses(61.8%) through qualitative research.

BackgroundMental health conditions can cause severe morbidity and mortality, especially if left untreated. The prevalence of mental illness among healthcare workers (HCWs) is growing and concerning. Compared with the general population, HCWs are at greater risk of developing mental illnesses such as depression and anxiety. Healthcare systems need to promote the mental health and well-being of HCWs using evidence-based interventions. This scoping review aimed to synthesise evidence that describes strategies and interventions that promote mental health and prevent mental illness among HCWs.MethodsAn electronic search of Google Scholar, CINAHL Ultimate, Dentistry & Oral Sciences Source, and MEDLINE Ultimate databases was conducted. The search targeted peer-reviewed academic literature reporting on primary data from January 2020 to June 2023. Studies that reported on mental health interventions for clinical healthcare workers and the outcomes of the interventions were included.ResultsEleven studies met the inclusion criteria. The majority (78.8%) of mental health interventions were designed for nurses, with medical doctors and allied health professionals representing only 4.1% and 9.5% of the healthcare worker population in the studies respectively. The interventions described in the studies varied and included psychoeducation and education, psychotherapy, physical activity, resilience interventions, well-being centres, and a video intervention. All the interventions followed a similar implementation process, which is described in a mental health support journey map. The map included the following activities: enrolment, information session, accessing educational resources, mental health intervention, accessing human resources, and group support. The studies reported on thirty different outcome measures, with the most common being overall mental well-being, anxiety, insomnia/sleep quality, depression/depressive symptoms, and psychological distress.ConclusionMental health interventions for HCWs enhance overall well-being. Physical activity, resilience-building, psychoeducation, and tailored digital tools are effective intervention strategies to improve the mental health of healthcare workers. Resource allocation towards these mental health intervention strategies for healthcare workers needs to be included in the operational budgets of healthcare establishments. Further studies may be required to customise some of the interventions for low- and middle-income countries.

The use of AI (artificial intelligence) has penetrated the hospitality sector, thereby requiring ethical guidelines. Research to explain ethical challenges in the hospitality sector. The research was carried out using the literature study method. The research results show that ethical challenges are fairness, reliability, security, privacy, security, inclusiveness, transparency and accountability. Ethics in non-technical fields such as employee reduction issues, employee dedication. The hotel industry needs to understand ethics in both technical and non-technical fields. Criteria for leaders needed in the AI era in the hospitality sector who have ACKEH (Agile, Communication, Knowledge, Ethics, Empathy, and Hospitality) skills. This research provides solutions to face AI ethical challenges and enriches literacy in the field.

The business community has frequently complained about the poor quality of college graduates' communication skills, with information systems and computer science graduates often criticized most severely. The purpose of this research was to investigate and analyze the communication skills of information systems (IS) personnel in terms of current and desired skill levels as perceived by their managers. This paper presents a survey of IS managers which revealed findings concerning: (1) the perceived importance of communication skills to technical professionals, (2) the perceived communication skills levels of these employees as compared to those of employees in nontechnical fields, and (3) the expected levels of communication skills of college graduates in technical fields. For example, the findings reconfirm the need for more communication skills education and training for IS students. The findings and their implications for graduates and professionals in technical fields are discussed.

Through the rapid modern growth of private security as a form of “internal” policing, and the preference of many large organizations for handling problems “internally” which might previously have b...

BackgroundAccording to the Medical Research Council (MRC) framework, the theorisation of how multilevel, multicomponent interventions work and the understanding of their interaction with their implementation context are necessary to be...

China has grown increasingly anxious about the situation in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA). Porous borders, fluid transnational criminality, and growing terrorist networks in the MENA region represent a severe threat to the development of its Belt and Road Initiative. However, China is maintaining a “balanced vagueness” in dealing with the evolving crisis. While Beijing is progressively shifting its reactive stance from the decades-old foreign policy principle of non-interference, it is still not prone to becoming proactively involved in the Middle East security quagmire. Contracting private security companies for guarding duties is partially filling the security gaps without the need for “Chinese boots on the ground.” Well before the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) security market’s operational requirements, Chinese oil and gas state-owned enterprises (SOEs) opted for private security sector support in protecting Chinese engineers against kidnapping for ransom and the Chinese built infrastructure against attacks from terrorist or criminal organizations. The increasing presence of the Chinese private security companies along the Belt and Road Initiative in the MENA region is showcasing Beijing’s desire to nurture a professional private security sector that is able to operate in complex environments.

Today, the global trend for contracting out the supply of military and security services is steadily growing. Security is being transformed from a service for the public or common good into a privately provided service. The largest private companies in the field have developed more advanced know-how and greater material and human resources than the security agencies and armies of many sovereign states. In this respect, several analysts have made observations on the restructuring of public–private relations in the domain of security. They note that what is actually taking place is a broader shift from vertical, centralised government to horizontal, fragmented security governance. The implications of outsourcing security services to private agencies are not a priori positive or negative. Ultimately, everything boils down to the way public and private actors deal with the questions of ‘when’ and ‘how’ to go about contracting out security services. With regard to the ‘when’, states should determine their ‘inherently governmental functions’ and keep these functions out of the market’s reach. They should also entrench their independent decision-making capacity in order to select the most appropriate solutions to deal with their security issues. More importantly, states should continue to struggle to protect the safety of their people, irrespective of the latter’s ability to purchase security services in the market. The combination of public and private security would not necessarily be detrimental to the public interest if states stopped retracting resources and operational objectives in response to the expansion of the private security supply. With respect to the ‘how’, states should attempt to mitigate some of the shortcomings in the operation of the private market for security services by taking the following steps:

Objective: To develop consensus-based guidelines for training in mental health and psychosocial interventions for trauma-exposed populations in the international arena.Participants: The Task Force on International Trauma Training of the International Society for Traumatic Stress Studies.Evidence: The Task Force engaged in a 1-year dialogue on the practice of international training, drawing upon field experience, literature review, and consultation with key informants.Consensus Process: This statement was prepared on the basis of shared dialogue, consensus decision making, and a writing process involving all Task Force members. It was then disseminated for review to more than 200 professionals of more than 60 service and academic organizations. Written and oral suggestions from over 80 persons were incorporated and revisions made on the basis of consensus.Conclusions: The generated guidelines addresses four dimensions: (1) values, (2) contextual challenges in societies during or after conflicts, (3) core curricular elements, and (4) monitoring and evaluation. The guidelines can improve international training in mental health and psychosocial interventions for trauma-exposed populations by providing principles and strategies intended to steer those who seek informed recommendations, to generate focused debates on areas where there is as yet no broad consensus, and to stimulate research and inquiry.

This study investigates whether an intervention that provided high school seniors with information on costs and economic returns to tertiary education and on the long-term earnings prospects of college graduates from different study fields enhances the probability that male and female students opt for financially more rewarding study fields and for business-related or STEM fields with a lower share of women. It extends our understanding on the potentials of information interventions for reducing gender segregation in tertiary education. We draw on a field experiment in one German federal state, Berlin, which included a randomized information intervention, and analyse longitudinal data from 1,036 students in schools with a high share of less privileged students. Our results show that a short and low-cost information intervention on costs and returns to college education, including returns in different fields of study, can substantially reduce women’s enrolment in care/social subjects, increase their enrolment in other, non-technical fields while also increasing men’s enrolment in technical fields with above-average earnings. The overall effects appear limited in challenging the gender-typicality of enrolment choices, as students tend to choose more profitable majors while avoiding gender-atypical fields.

The main objective of this chapter is to discuss the relationship between two types of bureaucrats, generalists and specialists, in the Nepalese Civil Service (NCS). The NCS was set up in the 1960s, based on the first Civil Service Act, 1956. The NCS at present incorporates administrative, economic planning, engineering, judicial, foreign, audit, forest, agriculture, education and miscellaneous services as provided by the amended Civil Service Acts. In addition, the Health Service and the Parliamentary Service are also part of the civil service, regulated by their own Acts. Overall, the NCS is influenced by the Weberian model of bureaucracy, with formal hierarchical structures, and rules and regulations to govern all behavior. In this chapter, generalists refers to employees who have overall managerial competencies. Specialists refers to employees who have a particular field of knowledge and skills. The NCS is made up of both generalists and specialists. Employees from the Administrative Service, Education Service and Judicial Service, having non-technical education, are called generalists. Employees from forestry, agriculture and engineering, having technical education, are called specialists. Whether relating to the generalist service career or the specialist service career, both categories are known as bureaucrats. Professionalism is expected from both types of bureaucrats. To ensure professionalism in the NCS, Adhikari, The 4th Amendment of the Civil Service Act, 1993 (2015) has created the six clusters of the ten civil services. Broadly, such clusters have been based on technical field or non-technical field (generalists). However, the NCS is dominated by generalists. Therefore, employees from specialist services seem to be in career tension, as they have limited opportunities for leadership roles in the NCS. Therefore, there is a conflict between these two types of bureaucrats, which may have hindered their joint contribution to policy issues, decision-making and service delivery. The data in this chapter is based on interviews with both categories of bureaucrats working in the NCS. The relevant Acts and Rules are also considered.

NOTE: The first page of text has been automatically extracted and included below in lieu of an abstract Improvisation for Engineering Innovation Abstract Enhanced creativity among U.S. engineers and scientists is required in the face of strategic needs for innovation in numerous technical areas including: energy, the environment and health. NSF’s third generation Engineering Research Centers explicitly require an educational component to enhance creativity to improve innovation. We have applied an approach to improving creativity that has traditionally not been used in technical innovation. The approach uses improvisational humor exercises to generate innovative ideas. The equivalence of humor and innovation is well established, and recently Sweeney and co-workers have systematically applied improvisation to enhance innovation. While this approach has been successful in non-technical fields, such as business and marketing, success has been limited in technical fields such as engineering. We have suggested a protocol based on a combination of humorous improvisation and stochastic molecular simulation to effectively search technical idea space. Humorous improvisation is the random idea generator for a stochastic search algorithm in innovation space; just as random number generators are used to sample molecular conformation space. We hypothesize that a more comprehensive refinement of idea space is required to make this approach effective for technical innovation. We have made some preliminary investigations of this protocol by carrying out workshops with undergraduate engineering design students. These preliminary results have suggested a basic protocol that uses a two-stage process: an improvised random idea which then inspires a technical problem solution. This two step approach is not used in Sweeney’s approach, and may be responsible for its lack of effectiveness in technical areas, such as engineering. Introduction The importance of creativity was aptly described by Dr. Joseph Bordogna, Deputy Director and Chief Operating Officer of the National Science Foundation as “what societal progress… is all about,” in a 2002 speech at the Rochester Institute of Technology.1 Numerous others have extolled the importance of creativity, including the Editor in Chief of “Power Electronics Technology” who points out that Engineering Innovation requires creativity.2 Given recent science and technology challenges for new enabling technologies in the fields of energy, health and the environment, it is generally agreed that creativity is of critical importance to produce this required technical innovation. Manifestations of this desire to produce more creative engineers and scientists abound. They include, for example, the recent announcement by the Korean Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) that its new admissions policy will specifically include creativity as an admissions criterion in up to a fifth of the incoming freshman class.3 This drive to produce creative engineers is also reflected in the focus of the Generation III Engineering Research Center (ERC) Program of the National Science Foundation. This program is designed to produce “engineering graduates who will be creative U.S. innovators in a globally competitive economy”.4 This program explicitly requires that ERC proposals address the educational requirements needed to produce creative engineers. According to a National Academy of Engineering study, increasing creativity in engineering may also help attract a more diverse demographic to the engineering field.5

o objetivo geral dessa pesquisa é identificar a relação dos gastos com segurança pública com os custos com segurança privada, comparando-se empresas salineiras. A metodologia concentra-se em uma pesquisa descritiva, documental, quantitativa, utilizando técnica de estatística de correlação, comparando empresas do Estado do RN, no período de 2004 a 2014. A relação entre a variável gastos públicos com segurança e custos com segurança privada é significativa e possui correlação positiva alta. Inferindo-se na rejeição da hipótese de haver uma relação negativa entre os gastos com segurança pública e os custos com segurança privada. Conclui-se que, de maneira geral, os gastos públicos com segurança influenciam a variação do comportamento dos custos com segurança privada. Identificou-se adicionalmente que as empresas adotam dois modelos de segurança, o privado e o orgânico, o modelo de segurança escolhido pelas empresas para serem prioritários influência a variação do comportamento dos custos com segurança privada.