Abstract
Salt stress results in the severe decline of yield and quality in wheat. In the present study, salt-tolerant Tritipyrum (“Y1805”) and salt-sensitive wheat “Chinese Spring” (“CS”) were selected from 121 wheat germplasms to test their physiological, antioxidant enzyme, and transcriptomic responses and mechanisms against salt stress and recovery. 56 chromosomes were identified in “Y1805” that comprised A, B, and D chromosomes from wheat parent and E chromosomes from Thinopyrum elongatum, adding to salt-tolerant trait. Salt stress had a greater inhibitory effect on roots than on shoots, and “Y1805” demonstrated stronger salt tolerance than “CS.” Compared with “CS,” the activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase in “Y1805” significantly increased under salt stress. “Y1805” could synthesize more proline and soluble sugars than “CS.” Both the net photosynthetic rate and chlorophyll a/b were affected by salt stress, though the level of damage in “Y1805” was significantly less than in “CS.” Transcriptome analysis showed that the differences in the transcriptional regulatory networks of “Y1805” were not only in response to salt stress but also in recovery. The functions of many salt-responsive differentially expressed genes were correlated closely with the pathways “peroxisome,” “arginine and proline metabolism,” “starch and sucrose metabolism,” “chlorophyll and porphyrin metabolism,” and “photosynthesis.”
Highlights
Wheat is a global food crop that is fundamental to human civilization
Increased significantly from the T2 stage and reached a peak at the T3 stage, and decreased rapidly after recovery (Figure 4B). This trend demonstrated that “Y1805” enhanced CAT activity rapidly under salt stress to protect the cells from damage caused by reactive oxygen species (ROS), and reduced quickly after recovery
56 chromosomes were identified in “Y1805” using sequential Genomic in situ hybridization (GISH)-fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis, which comprised A, B, and D chromosomes from common wheat parent and E genome chromosomes that originated from T. elongatum, which added to its genetic diversity and salt-tolerant traits
Summary
Wheat is a global food crop that is fundamental to human civilization. Over 759 million metric tons were consumed in the 2020/2021 marketing year (Ahmad et al, 2016). Soil salinity is one of the most serious types of abiotic stress, known for its detrimental effects on plant growth, development, and productivity, it leads to significant crop yield losses. Salt stress primarily induces higher osmotic pressure in soil solutions due to the accumulation of salt. This results in the impairment of crop growth, overall development, and production. The improvement and use of saline soil are considered important for the sustainable development of agriculture. This necessitates a search for plants that are tolerant to salt stress in addition to providing food
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