Comparative Analysis of Glucagon Receptor Agonists vs. Resmetirom in MASLD and MASH: Network Meta-Analysis of Clinical Trials.

Objective: The present study was an observational case control design. The data of study were collected in the period from first of January 2024 to March 2024. The study was conducted from clinical Laboratory private in Hilla City, Babylon province, Iraq. Material and methods: A total number of subjects involved in this study was 150 patients, from both sex (male and female) with age range (5-85). Blood samples were taken from each one to determination lipid profile tests (total cholesterol, total triglyceride, High and Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and liver function tests (ALT, AST, ALP, TSB) and investigation the correlation between them. Results: The results showed that, these were significant correlation between these tests according to male groups, the strength and direction of the correlation between TC and TG levels. The value being significant suggests that there was a moderate strong relationship between these variables (0.491). A strong positive correlation between TC and LDL levels (0.799), HDL and ALP levels (0.290), ALT and AST levels (0.777). In addition, a positive association between AST and ALP levels (0.125), TC and LDL levels (0.799). On the other hand, a weak negative association TC and AST levels (0.045), TC and TSB levels (-0.185), TG and HDL levels (-0.04). TG and AST levels (-0.065), TG and TSB levels (-0.184), HDL and ALT levels (0.123), HDL and AST levels (-0.133), ALT and TSB levels (-0.08) and between ALP and TSB levels (-0.08). However, a moderate negative association between TG and LDL levels (-0.32) and a very weak negative association between HDL and TSB (-0.016). Conclusion: In male group, a strong positive correlation between TC and LDL levels, HDL and ALP levels, ALT and AST levels. A positive association between AST and ALP levels, TC and LDL levels, these were significant correlation between these tests according to female groups, the strength and direction of the correlation between TC and TG levels, a moderate strong relationship between these variables, TC and LDL levels, ALT and AST levels, ALT and ALP levels, ALT and TSB levels, AST and ALP levels, AST and TSB levels and ALP and TSB levels. And moderately strong negative correlation between HDL and ALT levels. So, a relatively weak positive correlation between LDL and AST levels in female group. Moderately positive correlation between LDL and ALP levels and between LDL and TSB levels.

Effects of yeast polysaccharide on biochemical indices, antioxidant status, histopathological lesions and genetic expressions related with lipid metabolism in mice fed with high fat diet

Background/Purpose: Chronic inflammatory skin diseases have been shown to increase or predispose metabolic or vascular damage. However, little is known about systemic effects of the pro-inflammatory state of severe acne. We analyzed data of 85 patients at Lipid Outpatient Clinics (UNIFESP/EPM) who were treated for metabolic syndrome (MS). Medical history and physical examinations were performed in order to search characteristics of acne scars. Methods: Patients’ electronic records were accessed for one year. The ones presenting MS were evaluated by clinical examination in order to detect presence of acne scars. Clinical analysis comprised anamnesis, measurement of abdominal circumference, blood pressure, and body mass index (BMI). Laboratory tests included fasting glucose, CBC, serum levels of insulin, triglycerides, LDL, HDL, ALT, AST, urea, and creatinine. Statistical analysis consisted of prevalence (95% CI) of acne history/scars among patients treated at the Lipid Outpatient Clinics. The χ² test, Pearson’s test, or Fisher’s exact test was used to evaluate the association of social and demographic data, clinical and lab exams with the presence of MS or acne scars. Statistical 5% significance level was adopted. Results: Fifty-two patients confirmed having a medical history of acne, and 33 denied. Acne scars were found in 61.17%. There was no statistical difference between the groups according to medium value of BMI, hypertension, abdominal circumference, and serum levels of hemoglobin, leucocytes, platelets, triglycerides, LDL, HDL, AST, ALT, glycemia, creatinine, and urea. Twenty-seven out of the 52 patients with acne history presented acne scars, which symbolizes a 31.76% prevalence. This equals a 51.92% prevalence among all patients with acne history. There was no statistical difference among groups according to mean (±SD) in data such as family history, weight, BMI, hypertension, abdominal circumference, serum levels of hemoglobin, leucocytes, platelets, LDL, HDL, AST, ALT, glycemia, creatinine, and urea. A statistical difference in the triglyceride level was present, being elevated in patients with acne scars. Discussion: Apart from the limitation (small sample size), a correlation between acne and MS could be suggested. The high prevalence of acne history/scars in patients treated for MS may indicate a possible correlation with any type of acne. This hypothesis may raise discussion about an association like the already proven risk of metabolic alterations in other inflammatory chronic dermatoses, such as psoriasis or rosacea, regardless of acne severity. We highlight the importance of early treatment and follow-up for patients with MS that could be observed in this study, as clinical and laboratory criteria were all within normal levels among patients from that specific outpatient clinic. Results can draw attention to evaluation of clinical and laboratory investigation related to risk of MS. It corroborates to early diagnosis and prevention of complications of MS. Further studies are needed to confirm our findings.

Introduction: Stroke refers to any sudden neurological disorder that occurs due to cessation of blood flow through the arterial supply system of the brain. The etiology obstructions are atherosclerosis. LDL is often associated with atherosclerosis. The increased of HDL levels may act as a protective factor against atherosclerosis, HDL <40 mg/dl is at risk for atherosclerotic plaque formation. The aim of this study was to compare LDL and HDL levels in stroke acute and recurrent. Methods: Secondary data obtained from RSU Haji Medan. Secondary data collected were data on LDL and HDL levels in patients with acute stroke and recurrent stroke by collecting medical records according to specified sample size . Results: From the acute stroke patients, found HDL levels 33.97 mg / dl, recurrent stroke patients found HDL levels 35.25 mg/dl. LDL levels in acute stroke patients were 109.56 mg/dl and recurrent stroke patients were 123.16 mg/dl. Mann-Whitney statistical test results obtained p value for comparison of HDL levels of 0.851 and p value on t test for comparison of LDL levels of 0.497. Conclusion: There was no difference in mean HDL and LDL levels from acute ischemic stroke patients and recurrent stroke. Keywords : atherocsclerosis, cerebrovascular disease, HDL, LDL, stroke

Background: Hypercholesterol is a change in blood lipid profile levels, from rising cholesterol levels that can be triggered by frequent consumption of fatty foods. Hypercholesterol causes adipose tissue and macrophages to release inflammatory cytokines, then adipose cells release IL-6 and spur the formation of CRP. This study aimed to determine the effect of Virgin coconut oil (VCO) on changes in HDL, LDL, and IL-6 levels in hyper cholesterol mice. Subjects and Method: This randomized controlled trial was carried out at the PSPG UGM Nutrition Laboratory in August 2021. The total number of samples used was 20 tails and 4 spare tails, namely 24 male Wistar strain rats. Sampling using simple random sampling. The independent variables in this study were the dose of VCO 0.9 ml/200g BW/day, and 0.45 ml/200g BW/day. The dependent variables in this study were HDL, LDL, and IL-6 cholesterol levels in male Wistar rats. The data in the analysis used a normality test with the Shapiro-Wilk test and a data homogeneity test with the Levane test. HDL dan LDL levels were measured using a lysis reagent, while IL-6 was measured using the ELISA method. Results: Average LDL and HDL levels are highest in the P1 group compared to the P2, K0, and K1 groups. The One Way Anova test on HDL levels showed a significant difference between groups with p&lt;0.001. One Way Anova test results on LDL and IL-6 levels showed significant differences between the groups (p&lt;0.001) and (p= 0.004). Conclusion: Administering VCO at a dose of 0.9 mL/ 200 g BB/day 0.45 mL/200 g BB/day, and 86.4 mg/200 g can increase HDL and IL-6 levels in male rats Wistar strain with hyper cholesterol and lowered LDL levels by the same dose in male mice with hyper cholesterol. Keywords: hyper cholesterol, HDL, LDL, IL-6 Correspondence: Meli Maulidia, Magister Ilmu Biomedik, Universitas Islam Sultan Agung Semarang. Jl. Raya Kaligawe Km.04 Semarang 50112, Central Jawa, Indonesia. Email: maulidia.dr@gmail.com. Mobile: +6285740003464. Indonesian Journal of Medicine (2022), 07(04): 471-478 https://doi.org/10.26911/theijmed.2022.07.04.12

Background: Hypercholesterol is a change in blood lipid profile levels, from rising cholesterol levels that can be triggered by frequent consumption of fatty foods. Hypercholesterol causes adipose tissue and macrophages to release inflammatory cytokines, then adipose cells release IL-6 and spur the formation of CRP. This study aimed to determine the effect of Virgin coconut oil (VCO) on changes in HDL, LDL, and IL-6 levels in hyper cholesterol mice.Subjects and Method: This randomized controlled trial was carried out at the PSPG UGM Nutrition Laboratory in August 2021. The total number of samples used was 20 tails and 4 spare tails, namely 24 male Wistar strain rats. Sampling using simple random sampling. The independent variables in this study were the dose of VCO 0.9 ml/200g BW/day, and 0.45 ml/200g BW/day. The dependent variables in this study were HDL, LDL, and IL-6 cholesterol levels in male Wistar rats. The data in the analysis used a normality test with the Shapiro-Wilk test and a data homogeneity test with the Levane test. HDL dan LDL levels were measured using a lysis reagent, while IL-6 was measured using the ELISA method.Results: Average LDL and HDL levels are highest in the P1 group compared to the P2, K0, and K1 groups. The One Way Anova test on HDL levels showed a significant difference between groups with p&lt;0.001. One Way Anova test results on LDL and IL-6 levels showed significant differences between the groups (p&lt;0.001) and (p= 0.004).Conclusion: Administering VCO at a dose of 0.9 mL/ 200 g BB/day 0.45 mL/200 g BB/day, and 86.4 mg/200 g can increase HDL and IL-6 levels in male rats Wistar strain with hyper cholesterol and lowered LDL levels by the same dose in male mice with hyper cholesterol.Keywords: hyper cholesterol, HDL, LDL, IL-6Correspondence: Meli Maulidia, Magister Ilmu Biomedik, Universitas Islam Sultan Agung Semarang. Jl. Raya Kaligawe Km.04 Semarang 50112, Central Jawa, Indonesia. Email: maulidia.dr@gmail.com. Mobile: +6285740003464.Indonesian Journal of Medicine (2022), 07(04): 471-478https://doi.org/10.26911/theijmed.2022.07.04.12

Obesity is a significant health problem with rising incidence globally. Consuming diets or foods with bioactive nutrients is recommended to combat and prevent obesity. This study aimed to determine the effects of hawthorn vinegar, which contains many biologically active substances, on certain metabolic and inflammation parameters in obese rats. Fifty Wistar albino male rats, aged 8-12 weeks, were randomly divided into four groups, as follows: control, healthy control administered hawthorn vinegar in drinking water (3%) (HV), high-fat diet-induced obese (HFD), and HFD + HV (high-fat diet-induced obese rats administered hawthorn vinegar in drinking water at 3%). After 5 weeks, leptin, adiponectin, galectin-3, CRP, total cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL, glucose, ALT, and AST levels were analyzed in blood. Body weight gain was numerically lower in the HFD + HV group compared to the HFD group. Glucose, triglyceride, cholesterol, HDL, ALT, and AST levels were significantly higher in the HFD group than in the HV and control groups. Adiponectin levels decreased significantly, while galectin-3 and CRP levels increased in the HFD group compared to the other groups. In the HFD + HV group, leptin, glucose, triglyceride, and total cholesterol levels tended to be lower than in the HFD group. AST and HDL levels in the HFD + HV group were not significantly different from the healthy control parameters. Hawthorn vinegar increased adiponectin and decreased CRP and galectin-3 levels in obese rats, with values similar to those of the control group. Daily consumption of hawthorn vinegar improved inflammatory and metabolic parameters in obese rats, suggesting its potential benefit for managing obesity-related health issues.

The effects of N-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation on the lipid composition and atherogenesis in mouse models of atherosclerosis

The aim of this study was to compare biochemical parameters of cultured rainbow trouts (Oncorhynchus mykiss, Walbaum, 1972) reared in two different trout farms’ (Agri and Erzurum). The average weights of fish were 150±10gr for first station (Agri), 230±10gr for second station (Erzurum). Fishes used in research were randomly caught from pools, and fifteen pieces were used for each group. Fishes were fed with commercial trout feed with 45-50% crude protein twice a day. The levels of AST, ALT, LDL, total cholesterol and triglyceride in the second station (Erzurum) were found to be higher (p<0.05) than that of first station (Agri). Whereas, the levels of HDL in the second station (Erzurum) were found to be lower (p<0.05) than that of first station (Agri). Differences in the levels of total cholesterol and AST, ALT, HDL, LDL, triglyceride may be associated with size, sex, sexual maturity and environmental conditions (temperature, pH, hardness and dissolved oxygen).

Disclosure: C.R. Andonie: None. A. Abusalameh: None. I. Ismail: None. T. Hodrob: None. H. Ayesh: None.Introduction: Metabolic-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease (MASLD) and its progressive form, Metabolic-Associated Steatohepatitis (MASH), represent a global public health challenge due to their rising prevalence, driven by obesity and insulin resistance. These conditions can lead to advanced liver disease, including cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma, with no FDA- or EMA-approved treatments currently available. Resmetirom, a thyroid hormone receptor-β agonist, and glucagon receptor agonists (GRAs), such as Cotadutide, Retatrutide, and Survodutide, have demonstrated potential efficacy in recent clinical trials. This network meta-analysis evaluates the comparative efficacy and safety of these treatments to address an unmet therapeutic need. Methods: A systematic review of clinical trials was conducted, identifying seven eligible studies involving Resmetirom and GRAs. Outcomes assessed included changes in MRI proton density fat fraction (PDFF), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and rates of serious adverse events (SAEs). Random-effects models and network meta-analysis methods were employed to estimate mean differences (MDs) and risk ratios (RRs) compared to placebo. Results: For MRI-PDFF, Resmetirom demonstrated a significant reduction versus placebo (MD: -47.59%, 95% CI: [-72.84; -22.35], p = 0.0002), comparable to GRAs (MD: -48.93%, 95% CI: [-96.81; -1.05], p = 0.0015). ALT reductions were also substantial, favoring GRAs (MD: -28.97 U/L, 95% CI: [-42.40; -15.55], p < 0.0001) over Resmetirom (MD: -20.08 U/L, 95% CI: [-31.47; -8.70], p = 0.0005). SAE risk was not significantly elevated for Resmetirom (RR: 1.11, 95% CI: [0.77; 1.59], p = 0.58), but GRAs showed a trend toward higher SAE rates (RR: 2.38, 95% CI: [0.98; 5.82], p = 0.056). Conclusions: Both Resmetirom and GRAs effectively reduce liver fat and ALT levels in MASLD/MASH patients, with Resmetirom offering a favorable safety profile and GRAs demonstrating superior ALT reductions but a potential increase in SAE risk. These findings underscore the promise of both therapeutic classes and highlight the need for further comparative trials to inform treatment decisions.Presentation: Saturday, July 12, 2025

Background. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is present in up to 85% of adipose patients and may proceed to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). With insulin resistance and obesity being the main risk factors for NASH, the effect of isolated sleeve gastrectomy (ISG) on these parameters was examined. Methods. 236 patients underwent ISG with intraoperative liver biopsy from December 2002 to September 2009. Besides demographic data, pre-operative weight/BMI, HbA1c, AST, ALT, triglycerides, HDL and LDL levels were determined. Results. A significant correlation of NASH with higher HbA1c, AST and ALT and lower levels for HDL was observed (P < .05, <.0001, <.0001, <.01, resp.). Overall BMI decreased from 45.0 ± 6.8 to 29.7 ± 6.5 and 31.6 ± 4.4 kg/m2 at 1 and 3 years. An impaired weight loss was demonstrated for patients with NASH and patients with elevated HbA1c (plateau 28.08 kg/m2 versus 29.79 kg/m2 and 32.30 kg/m2 versus 28.79 kg/m2, resp.). Regarding NASH, a significant improvement of AST, ALT, triglyceride and HDL levels was shown (P < .0001 for all). A resolution of elevated HbA1c was observed in 21 of 23 patients. Summary. NASH patients showed a significant loss of body weight and amelioration of NASH status. ISG can be successfully performed in these patients and should be recommended for this subgroup.

Diabetes mellitus (DM) was one of the deadliest diseases in the world. DM was often associated with lipid metabolism error. Porang tubers contain glucomannan which could decrease cholesterol levels. Porang tubers also could be processed into the rice. This study analyzed the effect of porang-processed rice on LDL and HDL levels of DM-diagnosed patients.This study was conducted to determine the effect of porang-processed rice on LDL and HDL levels in DM-diagnosed patients.This study was an experimental study with the Pre-Test and Post-Test Control Group Design method, which used DM-diagnosed patients as research subjects. 24 research subjects were divided into 2 groups: the treatment group was given porang-processed rice and the control group was given white rice for 5 days. Measurement of LDL and HDL levels was carried out in both groups before and after treatment.There was a significant difference in giving porang-processed rice to LDL levels in DM-diagnosed patients (p = 0.021). There was no significant difference in giving porang-processed rice to HDL levels in DM patients (p = 0.102). However, there was a significant differencein deviation between LDL and HDL levelspre-test and post-test (p = 0,002; p = 0,001).There wasa significant difference between LDL levels in DM-diagnosed patients before and after being given porang-processed rice. There was no significant difference between HDL levels in DM patients before and after being given porang-processed rice.

Objective: Gallbladder stones are common in the Western world, and 70% to 80% of gallstones are cholesterol stones. This study investigates the effects of serum cholesterol, LDL, and HDL levels on gallstone cholesterol concentration.Methodology: The gallstones of 75 patients with cholelithiasis were examined using spectrophotometry.Results: High serum cholesterol and LDL levels were associated with high cholesterol stone rates (86.7% vs. 40.0%, P < 0.001; 75.0% vs. 48.9%, P < 0.05, respectively). Similarly, high serum cholesterol and LDL levels were correlated with high gallbladder stone cholesterol concentrations (63.6% vs. 44.4%, P < 0.001; 62.3% vs. 46.0%, P < 0.001, respectively). In contrast, low serum HDL levels do not seem to affect the occurrence of gallbladder cholesterol stones (60.0% vs. 58.3%, respectively, P > 0.05) or gallbladder stone cholesterol concentrations (50.8% vs. 52.4%, respectively, P > 0.05).Conclusion: The relationship between cholesterol, LDL, and HDL levels and cholesterol gallstone formation is multifactorial and complex and is also dependent on other individual properties.

Background: Acne is a multifactorial skin lesion and a persistent inflammatory disorder of the pilosebaceous units. One of the most common skin problems, acne vulgaris, which predominantly affects teenagers but can affect anyone at any age, is treated by dermatologists. Objective: The goal of the current study was to assess the profile of changes in ALT, AST, and lipid profiles (TGs, LDL, and HDL) in these patients. Methodology: This cross-sectional study was conducted at tertiary care hospital Dhaka District from June 2020 to July 2022 in the Department of Dermatology. A total of 200 patients were participate in the study. Patients aged more than 15 years, both male and female and patients with diagnosed acne were included in the study. Severely ill patients and not willing to participate were excluded from the study. Data collection was done after approval of protocol using a semi-structured questionnaire through face to face interview. Data were analyzed using a computer programme SPSS 25.0 version. Result: The mean age of male was 22 (±6.7) while in case of female was 24 (±4.5). Minimum age of the patients was 18 year and maximum was 45 year. 75% of the respondents were female and 25% were male. The mean ((±SD)) RBC was 4.9 (0.5)×106 /mL, WBC was 8.4 (3.5)×103 /mL and Hb was 14.3 (1.7)×106 /mL, in case of female the Hb was 12.6 [1.5]× 106 /mL and 14.9 (1.1)×106 /mL for male. In this present study, we discovered that individuals who received isotretinoin medication was statistically significant increases in both TG and LDL levels. Additionally, we discovered statistically significant decreases in HDL levels. In our study, patients who received isotretinoin treatment had liver enzymes that were less altered than lipids. The clinical classification was unaffected, although there were statistically significant increases in AST levels. ALT levels raised as well, but the variations were not statistically significant. Conclusion: Although severe laboratory alterations

The aim of this study was to elaborate the effect of feed restriction and different crude fiber sources on blood lipid profiles of broiler chicken. This research was using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) in Factorial pattern of 2x4 with 3 replications. The ‘A’ factor was restricted feeding which consisted of no restrictions (A0), and 20% restricted feeding (A1). While ‘B’ factor was source of crude fiber which consisted of: commercial feed (B0), commercial feed + coffee hull meal (B1), commercial feed + rice bran (B2), and commercial feed + coconut oilcake (B3). Parameters observed were serum cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL, and HDL level. The results showed that the combination of feed restriction and source of crude fiber in the diets did not affect (P > 0.05) serum cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL, and HDL level. The ‘A’ factor gave a significant effect (P < 0.01) on serum cholesterol and LDL level, meanwhile ‘B’ factor gave a significant (P < 0.05) on serum cholesterol, LDL, and HDL level. It can be concluded that feed restriction up to 20% and source of crude fiber from coconut oilcake gave a better results on serum cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL, and HDL level.