Abstract
As a result of agri-food production large amounts of organic waste are created in the form of press cakes. Until now, they were mainly used as animal fodder and also utilized for biofuels production. No other way usage has been found yet. A large quantity of these by-products is usually discarded in open areas, which leads to potentially serious environmental problems. The rich chemical composition of these waste products makes it possible to use them for producing other food products valuable for consumers. Based on the test results obtained, it can be stated that moisture content of press cakes is varied and depends on the input material. However, appropriately composed mixtures of various waste products and a properly conducted compaction process allows for obtaining a new product with functional properties. In addition, application of honey powder and starch tablet coating creates a product of resistant to compression and cutting. Results seem to have commercial importance, as they demonstrate that properly processed by-products can be used in food preparations as dietary supplements.
Highlights
In the food industry, during processing of raw materials, waste products are generated
Around the world waste management is carried out to convert into useful components as much waste products as possible without endangering the natural environment [1,2,3,4,5]
A common method of using press cakes from rapeseed, flaxseed, and sunflower extraction, is their utilisation for animal nutrition as a high protein vegetable fodder or as a component for enriching the protein content in the production of maize silage, which is intended for high-yielding cows
Summary
In the food industry, during processing of raw materials, waste products are generated Their substantial amounts accumulated in a short time causes serious problems for processing plants, primarily due to the instability of these by-products, including the microbiological one. The use of press cakes reduces the cost of animal nutrition products [6,7,8] They can be successfully used as organic fertilizer rich in minerals (Ca, Mg, P, Fe, and Mn) and organic compounds, as well as for energy purposes [9,10,11,12] after a compaction process that turns them into pellets [13,14]. Compaction could be a important method for processing press cakes in the areas where there is a surplus of them, there is no possibility for their fast processing into fodder, and transport over long distances is not economically viable [15]
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