Compact HMSIW diplexer loaded with modified circular complementary split ring resonators for WiMAX /WLAN applications

Circular complementary split ring resonators are used to design Half-Mode Substrate Integrated Waveguide (HMSIW) band-pass Filter in this paper. The dimensions of the CSRR structures are adjusted to achieve narrow pass band response within the microwave X-bands. The bandwidth of around 2GHz is obtained with insertion loss<ldb within the transmission pass band. Several parameters of the filter configurations are studied, and their effects over the filter properties are presented in details.

Ultra-Compact Dual-Band Half-Mode substrate integrated waveguide filter and filtering power divider based on metamaterial concept

In this paper, three super-compact equal/unequal filtering power dividers (FPDs) by combining the half-mode substrate integrated waveguide (HMSIW) platform and the metamaterial unit cell are proposed. To miniaturized the total dimension of the proposed equal/unequal FPDs, the evanescent mode technique, the half-mode technique, and the stepped-impedance resonator (SIR) technique have been utilized, simultaneously. In the modified metamaterial unit cell, which is called the complementary G-shaped resonator (CGR) unit cell, the quasi stepped-impedance slot line is replaced instead of the conventional slot line in the circular complementary split-ring resonator (CSRR) unit cell. Accordingly, the electrical size of the modified CGR unit cell is smaller than the conventional circular CSRR unit cell with the same physical sizes. Employing the introduced CGR unit cell and HMSIW structure, three equal/unequal FPDs with arbitrary power-dividing ratios have been designed and simulated. To illustration the performance of the proposed components, three HMSIW FPDs with different power division ratios of 1:1, 1:4, and 1:8 have been fabricated and measured. A reasonable agreement between simulated and measured results has been achieved. The results demonstrate that a miniaturization factor of about 0.64 is achieved.

This research introduces a new printed metamaterial antenna with triple and quad bands for wireless applications. The suggested antenna is constructed of FR4 material, with two slots created in the radiating element. In addition, a circular complementary split ring resonator (C-CSRR), is carved from the ground plane. HFSS simulation software is being put into use to design, model, and measure the suggested antenna parameters in a real-world environment. The measured results indicate that an antenna with C-CSRR behind the radiating patch resonates at three distinct frequencies, including 3.5 GHz, 7.5 GHz, and 8.2 GHz, and an antenna with C-CSRR and slots on the radiating patch resonates at four different frequencies, including 3.5 GHz, 7.5 GHz, 8.8 GHz, and 9.32 GHz. An antenna without complementary split ring resonator (CSRR), or a conventional antenna, resonates at 9.6 GHz. The metamaterial antenna results in a 65% diminution in antenna size in contrast to a regular microstrip antenna. The simulated outcome demonstrates that the suggested metamaterial antenna's peak gain is around 6 dB to 8 dB and it has a resonance frequency for C-band applications, including weather radar systems and 5G applications.

Design of Full-Mode Substrate Integrated Waveguide (FMSIW) Band-pass Filter using circular complementary split ring resonators is presented in this paper. CSRR structures are introduced over planar SIW section to obtain band pass properties. CSRR structures are studied and their effects over the passband is presented. Improved isolation and minimal insertion loss have been achieved by using series CSRR structures. Several filter parameters are studied and presented with detailed analysis. Maximum and Minimum insertion loss of 2.15dB and 0.4dB are achieved. Stopband Attenuation >27 dB is obtained by the proposed technique.

A novel dual-band microstrip patch antenna embedded with two circular complementary split ring resonators (CSRR) for operating in S- band (2–4GHz) as well as C-band (4–8GHz) is proposed. An effective dual-band microstrip patch antenna can be designed by etching two CSRRs in a conventional patch antenna. The proposed antenna operates at 3.4GHz as well as 4.3GHz. It is advantageous for designing a dual-band microstrip antenna with miniaturized size for satellite applications. At both operating frequencies, the antenna exhibits better performance. The CSRRs embedded on the patch antenna helps in miniaturization of the patch antenna. Up to 70% of the size reduction is achieved when compared to the basic patch antenna which operates at 3.4GHz.

This paper presents the performance analysis of two different conformal band pass filters (BPFs) loaded with an array of circular complementary split ring resonators (CSRRs). Type-1 bandpass filter has been designed by integrating a 9 × 9 array of circular complementary split ring resonator on the bottom layer of the filter. Similarly, Type-2 bandpass filter has been constructed by loading an array of 5 × 5 split ring resonator on the patch layer of the filter. A comparative study between Type-1 and Type-2 bandpass filters are also evaluated that shows dual pass bands for Type-1 filter and triple pass bands for the Type-2 bandpass filter. Furthermore, the conformality of both bandpass filters are judged through bending deformation analysis with various bending positions at 15°, 30°, 45°, 60° and 90°. During the bending performance analysis, the suggested BPFs retains the dual and triple pass band characteristics without any major deviations in its characteristic's parameters. Various performance parameters like return loss, insertion loss, group delay, bandwidth, and quality factor are measured. Detailed analysis of E and H field distributions and surface current distributions are also presented. The Type-2 bandpass filter shows better performance in terms of filter properties compared to Type-1 band pass filter. Hence, the prototype of Type-2 filter with an area of 30 × 30 mm2 is fabricated and measured. The validated results are agreed with the simulated results which confirms the applicability of the proposed filter for several modern wireless communication applications such as Wi-Max and personal communication systems (PCS) applications.

Chebyshev microstrip lowpass filters with improved performance, achieved by means of circular complementary split ring resonators (CSRR), are presented. The CSRR particles exhibit a frequency rejection bandwidth in the vicinity of their resonant frequencies that can be used to meliorate both the selectivity and stopband in microstrip lowpass filters. Two configurations have been used: a stepped-impedance model and a configuration using open-circuited stubs. Microstrip filters having 5, 7 and 9 poles were designed and fabricated. Selectivity values up to 86 dB/GHz and suppression levels reaching 60 dB in the stopband were obtained. The filters have cutoff frequencies around 2 GHz and rejection band up to 10 GHz. The insertion of the designed CSRR resonators in the ground plane of the filters removes all the transmission spurious observed in the analyzed frequency band. No considerable variation in the passband group delay is observed in the CSRR-based lowpass filters. It is also made a comparison among the filters designed in this and other referenced works, considering their number of poles and size. The measured results are in good agreement with the simulated ones.Â

Objectives: In this study, two new power splitters integrated with a novel half mode substrate integrated waveguide (HMSIW) and composite right/left-handed transmission lines (CRLH-TL) cells are presented, realized and compared to a conventional Substrate Integrated Waveguide (SIW) one. Methods: The SIW technology is characterized by a high Q factor and a low return loss, but it suffers from the massive size particularly in low frequencies bands, so to achieve practically 50% miniaturization in size with keeping the high performances of the SIW technique, HMSIW origins from SIW has been utilized. otherwise, so as to reduce the HMSIW device, size, Composite Right/Left-Handed Transmission Lines (CRLH-TL) cells are applied. The designs are printed on a Roger RT/duroid 6010 and performed within an HFSS environment based on the finite element method (FEM). Simulations and measurements of the three power dividers are presented over a frequency band from 2.2 GHz to 2.6 GHz. Findings: The novel proposed component achieves about 70% and 90% of size reduction compared to, respectively, the HMSIW and SIW power splitters. The simulated and measured results are in close agreement. Application: Compared to the SIW power divider and the HMSIW one the novel proposed device is characterized by a compact size and an easy fabrication process. So that it will enable a convenient reduction of size, loss and cost in millimeter-wave and microwave systems.Keywords: Power Divider, HMSIW, SIW, CRLH-TL Cells, Tapered Transition

A compact frequency band reconfigurable dual-mode antenna utilizing both Koch fractal geometry and circular complementary split ring resonators (CSRRs) is presented in this paper. The proposed antenna can be electrically switched into both dual- and single-band resonance modes. A Koch curve derivative novel fractal curve is used to design the patch boundary of the antenna. Two optimized circular CSRRs are loaded inside the antenna geometry to achieve double-band resonance. The antenna operates at both 5.1[Formula: see text]GHz (upper WLAN band) and 9.6[Formula: see text]GHz ([Formula: see text]-band) in dual resonance mode and resonates only at 8[Formula: see text]GHz ([Formula: see text]-band) in single resonance mode. A properly biased RF-range PIN diode placed at the slotted ground plane reconfigures the antenna in two operating modes by switching into its ON–OFF states. The antenna is fabricated on cost-efficient epoxy (FR-4) substrate consuming the maximum dimension of [Formula: see text] which is much more compact than the conventional rectangular patch antennas designed for similar bands. Stable radiation characteristics with reduced cross-polarization are achieved at all the resonant bands of the antenna. A prototype of the proposed antenna is fabricated and measured. The simulated results are in good agreement with the measured ones.

In this paper, a novel compact, low profile, low cost, microstrip fed line with single and double band-notch characteristics ultra wideband (UWB) patch antenna is presented. The proposed antenna satisfying UWB operation from 3 GHz - 11 GHz with two notches and have maximum gain 4.9 dB. The first band-notch is designed to reduce the electromagnetic interference in WiMAX frequency band (3.8 GHz), while the second band notch of WLAN IEEE 802.1a (5.35 GHz). By inserting seven different size arms of a single parasitic split ring resonator (SPSRR) band notch in the range of 3.3501-4.5857 GHz is obtained. Furthermore, the second band notch around from 5.1 - 5.6 GHz for WLAN is obtained by etching circular complementary split ring resonator (CSRR) near the microstrip feed line. A very high agreement between simulation and experimental results is achieved. The proposed antenna can be considered as a good candidate for UWB communication applications with very low electromagnetic interference.

A novel attempt is made by creating the stacked sequences of two different frequencies that provide the intended performance by suppressing the harmonic interferences between them. This electromagnetic interference (EMI) is suppressed in stacked system by incorporating the circular complementary split ring resonator (CCSRR) in the ground plane. The proposed system consists of two patch antennas operating at 2 GHz and 4 GHz with CCSRR for harmonic suppression. The lower rung antenna operates at 2 GHz fed by inset feeding and the top rung antenna operates at 4 GHz fed by coaxial feeding such that both radiators share a common ground plane. The lower rung antenna (2 GHz) has its first harmonic at 4.02 GHz with the magnitude of 11.5 dB that ensue an EMI to the other antenna operating at 4 GHz (top rung antenna in the stacked system). By introducing the CCSRR beneath the microstrip feed line (2 GHz), the EMI is suppressed. The simulated and measured results are in good agreement. Moreover, the proposed antenna finds its application in radar target scanning, narrow band channel selector, and low power narrow band wireless receivers.

Monitoring glycemia levels in people with diabetes has developed rapidly over the last decade. A broad range of easy-to-use systems of reliable accuracies are now deployed in the market following the introduction of the invasive self-monitoring blood glucose meters (i.e. glucometers) that utilize the capillary blood samples from the fingertips of diabetic patients. However, the limitations and discomforts associated with these painful finger pricking devices have established a new demand for non-invasive pain-free blood glucose monitors to encourage more frequent glucose checks and thereby contribute more generously to diabetes care and prevention. In this study, a novel microwave biosensor is developed in a wearable format to enable non-invasive real-time monitoring of blood glucose level. The design comprises three cells of circular complementary split ring resonators (CSRRs) incorporated in the ground plane of an FR4 dielectric substrate. The passive sensing elements (CSRRs) are excited remotely via a coupled antenna to enable the wearable sensing in a reader/tag configuration. The CSSR-sensor is numerically modeled and analyzed for sensing the glucose concentrations relevant to diabetes condition (60-500mg/dL) by tracking the resonant amplitude variations in the frequency range 1-4GHz. The sensitivity performance of the TP-CSRR tag is practically demonstrated through in-lab measurements using a VNA setup.

In this paper, a novel metamaterial sensor with excellent sensitivity and quality factor for microwave sensing applications is presented. The designed metamaterial sensor is assembled on a 1.575 mm thickness of low-cost dielectric substrate material (Rogers RT5880), and the copper is used as a resonator. Computer Simulation Technology version 2019 (CST-2019) software is employed to design and analyze the proposed metamaterial sensor. In addition, the Advanced Design System version 2016 (ADS 2016) software is used to validate the CST simulated model. Subsequently, the simulated results were validated using laboratory measurements. The optimized cell is small; its dimension is 10 × 10 mm2, and the obtained resonances are 3.85 and 6.85 GHz with notches of −26.29 and −40.03 dB, respectively. The textile material is detected by the resonance frequency change, and this frequency is dependent on the material’s permittivity values. To test the developed sensor’s sensing capabilities, three types of textiles—wool, fleece, and denim—are used. The effective medium ratio, sensitivity, and Q-factor of the structure are evaluated, and the obtained values are 8.96, 14.57%, and 345, respectively. The sensor for detecting textile materials works in the S and C bands. The resonances are shifted 530 MHz between the air and wool, 420 MHz between the air and fleece, and 640 MHz between the air and denim. The simulated outcomes and laboratory results almost matched. The projected sensor can be employed in the apparel sector to identify textile materials because it is small, inexpensive, has a high quality factor, and has high sensitivity.

A miniaturized diplexer based on half-mode substrate integrated waveguide (HMSIW) technology by loading a novel metamaterial unit-cell is proposed. The stepped-impedance resonator (SIR) technique has been used in order to miniaturize the physical size of the conventional complementary split ring resonators (CSRRs). The proposed metamaterial unit-cell, which is called SIR–CSRR, consists of two modified rings which the stepped-impedance slot lines are utilized instead of the conventional slot lines in the CSRRs. The proposed diplexer has been designed by cascading two bandpass filters with different center frequencies. The HMSIW bandpass filters are implemented by etching two SIR–CSRR unit-cells with different sizes. The design procedure is based on the theory of evanescent mode propagation which the SIR–CSRR unit-cells behave as an electric dipoles. A forward-wave passband below the intrinsic cutoff frequency of the HMSIW structure has been achieved by loading the SIR–CSRR unit-cells on the metal surface of the HMSIW structure. This proposed diplexer represent high selectivity and compact size by using of the sub-wavelength resonators. The designed diplexer has been fabricated and experimental verification have been provided. The measured results are in a good agreement with the simulated ones. The total size of the proposed diplexer is about 0.27λg × 0.11λg. The proposed diplexer show significant advantages in terms of size reduction, low loss, high selectivity, high Q-factor, easy bandpass frequency shifting, easy fabrication and, easy integration with other planar microwave circuits.