Community Structure And Diversity Of Dragonflies (Odonata) As Bioindications Of Water Quality In Telaga Aqua, Tulungagung District

Dragonflies have an important role as environmental bioindicators, especially as indicators of the success of mangrove ecosystem restoration projects and their distinctive color has becomes an ecotourism attraction, so this research is important to do. This research aims to determine the diversity and distribution patterns of dragonflies in the Bagek Kembar Sekotong Mangrove Ecotourism area. This is an explorative descriptive study and was carried out between December 2023-January 2024. The research method used was catching dragonflies with insect nets following three transect paths along the river flow in the Bagek Kembar Sekotong Mangrove Ecotourism area. Analysis of species diversity data using the Shannon Wiener diversity index and calculation of the dragonfly distribution pattern index using the variance test. Based on the research results, 9 species of dragonflies were obtained, including 8 species of dragonflies (Anisoptera) and 1 species of dragonflies (Zygoptera). The diversity index (H') of dragonflies at the observation location is 1,866. The conclusion is that diversity of dragonflies at the research location is in the medium category. The distribution pattern of dragonflies at the research location shows that one Potamarcha congener species has a regular distribution pattern and the other 8 species that had groups distribution pattern.

Water in the Mount Muria area is needed by the surrounding community to fulfill life. An indicator is needed to determine water quality. Dragonfly (Odonata) is one of the organisms as ecosystem controllers and bioindicators. This study aims to determine the diversity of dragonflies, determine water quality and describe the role of dragonflies as a bioindicator of water quality in the Mount Muria area. This type of research is descriptive quantitative research. The data collection technique used direct observation at 3 stations, namely the Colo Flower River, the Monthel Waterfall River and the River in the Rejenu Area. The results showed that there were 10 species of dragonflies consisting of 6 suborders Anisoptera and 4 suborders Zygoptera with the highest abundance value being Euphaea variegata (51.39%), Enallagma signatum (28.47%), Trithemis festiva (6.94%), Orthetrum glaucum (5.56%), Orthetrum chrysis (2.78%), Orthetrum pruinosum (2.08%), Orthetrum testaceum (0.69%), Orthetrum sabina (0.69%), Prodasineura autumnalis (0.69% ), and Drepanosticta fontinalis (0.69%). Based on water quality analysis and according to government regulation no. 82 of 2001, the water in the muria river belongs to category 2. According to the analysis of the family biotic index, it can be seen that the FBI value of the river in the Muria area is 5.60 which means the condition of the river is fair with moderate pollution levels. ©2019 JNSMR UIN Walisongo. All rights reserved.

Jatibarang Reservoir is a freshwater dam in Semarang which has different habitat types. The different of habitat types can affect biodiversity, including dragonflies (odonata). Dragonflies are insects that have an important function as a bioindicator of water quality and play a role in maintaining the balances of tropic levels in the food chain. The study aims to determine the abundance, diversity, evenness, similarity and distribution of dragonflies and to determine the abiotic and biotic factors of each habitat type in Jatibarang Reservoir tourist area. The study used Point Count method. The results showed that there were 22 types of dragonflies consisting of 7 different families. The dragonfly which has the highest abundance in the total number of individuals is Eupahea variegata with an index of 16.77%. Diversity of dragonflies in low and medium categories. The evenness level of dragonfly species is evenly. The similarity of species has a low to high degree of similarity. The distribution of dragonflies are clumped and regular. The differences in abiotic and biotic conditions in each habitat affect the structure of dragonfly community.

The suitability of using macroinvertebrates as bioindicators of stream water quality was tested in the Mkondoa River in an agricultural area at Kilosa, using the rapid bioassessment protocol. The family biotic index (FBI) showed marked variation in water quality along the stream from values ranging from 4.1 to 5.0 in the upstream reaches, indicating good water quality, 5.3 to 5.5 in the mid-reaches and 6.0 to 6.5 in the lower reaches. The water quality index (WQI) indicated that water quality was fair (77 ± 0.98) in the upstream reach of the Mkondoa, marginal (55 ± 0.86) in the midstream reach and poor (33 ± 0.45) in the downstream reach. There were significant relationships between biological oxygen demand and dissolved oxygen and the occurrence of specific taxa, mainly Chironomus and Caenis. Significant changes in macroinvertebrate abundance were mostly related to changes in water quality. As in other parts of the world, macroinvertebrate communities proved to be good biological indicators of water quality and they should be used as bioindicators in long-term monitoring of this river.

Abstract. Retnaningdyah C, Arisoesilaningsih E, Vidayanti V, Purnomo, Febriansyah SC. 2023. Community structure and diversity of benthic macroinvertebrates as bioindicators of water quality in some waterfall ecosystems, Bawean Island, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 370-378. Bawean Island is a small island with a fairly dense population, so the need for water resources is quite high. On Bawean Island, several waterfalls have been found that have a hydrological function capable of supplying water continuously for drinking water, raw materials, agricultural irrigation functions and other daily activities that are very important for the people of Bawean Island. However, the quality of the waterfall ecosystem on Bawean Island has never been studied. This study aims to evaluate the water quality of some waterfall ecosystems on Bawean Island using the community structure and diversity of benthic macroinvertebrates as a complement to water physicochemical monitoring. This study used the Ex Post Facto method. The research was conducted at 6 waterfalls found on Bawean Island. The physicochemical quality of the water observed included air temperature, water temperature, pH, Dissolved Oxygen (DO), conductivity, Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), nitrate, and Total Phosphate (TP). The quality of the benthic macroinvertebrate that had been monitored included Importance Value Index (IVI), taxa richness, total density, Shannon-Wiener Diversity Index (H’), and an ecological index, namely the Family Biotic Index (FBI). The monitoring data then be used to analyze the interaction between water quality profiles and macroinvertebrates profiles by conducting Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Based on the results obtained, the water quality in the Bawean Island waterfall, according to the FBI index categorized as Good-Excellent. According to Indonesian government regulation (PP. No. 22 of 2021), some parameters of water quality in Putri and Suwari waterfall were classified as class 2, which can be used for water tourism infrastructure, fish farming also agriculture and the others are categorized as class 3 which is only used for fish farming and agriculture. To maintain good water quality, the waterfall manager needs to control human activities around the waterfall’s ecosystem.

Abstract. Astuti A, Nayasilana IN, Sugiyarto, Budiharjo A. 2022. Community structure of dragonflies (Odonata) in Gunung Bromo’s Forest Area with Special Purpose (FASP), Karanganyar, Central Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 23: 2493-2501. Dragonflies are one component of biodiversity in Indonesia, which function both as predators and bioindicators of water quality. Dragonfly habitat is widespread ranging from highland forest areas, lowland forests, reservoirs, lakes, rivers, swamps, and rice fields to settlements. One location that becomes dragonfly habitat is in the Gunung Bromo’s Forest Area with Special Purpose (FASP), Karanganyar, Central Java, Indonesia. This study aims to determine the community structure and habitat preferences of dragonflies in Gunung Bromo’s FASP. Data resulting from this study is expected used as a database for Gunung Bromo’s FASP managing. The study was conducted along the Bamban river which is located in the Gunung Bromo’s FASP area, in June-July 2019. Dragonflies were collected in 14 observation stations. At each observation, station transects were 100 m in length and 10 m in width. Data collection included the dragonflies species, the individual numbers, and environmental factors both abiotic and biotic factors. Data analysis included the diversity, evenness, dominance and similarity of dragonfly species. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was applied to determine the dragonfly abundance pattern and Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA) was applied to determine the relationship between dragonflies and their environmental factors. The results showed there were 23 species of dragonflies in the Gunung Bromo’s FASP with a diversity index of 1.96. PCA results indicate the abundance of dragonflies is not much different in each species. Meanwhile, CCA results show almost of the dragonflies in the Gunung Bromo’s FASP are influenced by abiotic and biotic factors, except on Orthetrum sabina and Copera marginipes. They are assumed have unspecific habitat preferences.

The rice fields of Sidorejo Village have the potential for dragonfly diversity. This study aims to analyze fluctuations in the diversity and abundance of dragonflies in three ecosystem conditions of rice fields in Sidorejo Village, Bengkulu Tengah. Sampling using purposive sampling with the cruising method. Data analysis was carried out descriptively through the identification of characteristics to obtain the name of the species. After the species name was obtained, the relative abundance, Shannon Wienner diversity index, and species evenness index were calculated. The results of the study found that the harvest ecosystem had the highest diversity and abundance of dragonflies (13 species and 45 individuals). The species that were consistently found in three types of ecosystems were Orthetrum sabina, O. testaceum, and Pantala flavescens. The species with the highest relative abundance was O. sabina with 32%. The diversity index ranged from 1.32 (post-harvest) to 2.25 (harvest). The highest evenness index was in the post-harvest ecosystem at 0.95, and the lowest was in the harvest ecosystem at 0.87. The results of this study are expected to show that the diversity and abundance of dragonflies fluctuate depending on seasonal ecosystem conditions in the rice fields.

West Lombok District is the second largest district in Lombok Islands. The diversity of dragonflies (Order Odonata) as a bioindicator of environmental quality has not been widely studied in the West Lombok region. This study aimed to determine the species diversity of dragonflies (Order Odonata) found in Batubolong River, West Lombok District and its relation to the occurring land cover changes. This study was carried out by using a descriptive explorative method, where the sampling technique was done by means of line transects. Maps of study and sampling locations as well as land cover changes were made using ArcGIS 10.4.1 software based on primary and secondary data. The results showed that there were 11 species of dragonflies with a Shannon-Wiener diversity index value (H') of 2.212 (medium diversity), a population density index (C) of 0.126 (low dominance), and a species evenness index (E) of 0.923 (high uniformity). Our study also found two rare species of dragonfly in Lombok Island i.e., 3 individuals of Nososticta emphyla (Lieftinck, 1936) with 9% relative abundance and 1 individual of Drepanosticta berlandi (Lieftinck, 1939) with 3% relative abundance. The discovery of D. berlandi in Lombok is the third time after the findings in 1896 and the 19th century. Analysis of satellite data around the sampling area within the period 2013-2020 showed that there has been an increase in land cover of 6,149.29 m2. The increase in land cover changes may have caused the disappearance of several Odonata species in the sampling location.

Aquatic ecosystems are influenced by water quality and the surrounding environment, and changes to such ecosystems exert an effect on species. The aim of the present study was to relate the composition/abundance of species of aquatic ferns to both abiotic factors of water quality (total phosphorus and chlorophyll a) and the characteristics of the surrounding environment (rural, urban and vegetation). We analyzed 53 aquatic ecosystems in the state of Paraiba with lentic characteristics, considering total phosphorus and chlorophyll a as well as the classification of land use and occupation in the surrounding areas. We recorded nine species of aquatic ferns, which demonstrated a preference for environments with good water quality (low concentration of chlorophyll a) as well as sensitivity to rural and urban activities. The individual analysis of the species revealed that abiotic factors exerted an influence on the occurrence and abundance of the species. Cyclosorus interruptus (Willd.) H. Ito proved to be resistant to impacted environments, whereas Marsilea sp. and Ceratopteris thalictroides (L.) Brongn proved to be bioindicators of water quality. Our study revealed species considered bioindicators of good water quality and identified changes in the composition/abundance of the species in relation to different land uses.

Abstract. Pranoto MDP, Mardiono D, Widiyani T, Pertiwi RAP, Az Zhara F, Izzati N. 2019. Short Communication: Diversity of dragonflies (Ordo: Odonata) on the natural reserve areas of Mts. Sigogor and Picis, Ponorogo District, Indonesia. Bonorowo Wetlands 9: 27-31. The Mount Sigogor and Picis Natural Reserves are the conservation areas in Ponorogo, East Java. Mount Sigogor and Picis nature reserves have an ecosystem of tropical rain forests that are naturally protected, providing the reserve with a high potential for biodiversity. The preserved ecosystem conditions are a good habitat for the dragonfly since some dragonfly species require a clean habitat and are sensitive to pollutants. The study was conducted from January to February 2019. The research site was carried out at 7 points, covering 5 points in the reserve and 2 points around Mount Sigogor Nature Reserve. Data retrieval was done using the explorative method. Qualitative and quantitative descriptions were used to analyze the results of dragonflies’ biodiversity. The results have found 18 species of dragonflies with details of 6 species as damselflies (Zygoptera) and 12 species of common dragonflies (Anisoptera). There are 5 species of endemic dragonflies from Java Island, i.e., Drepanosticta sundana, Euphaea variegata, Heliogomphus drescheri, Heliocypha fenestrat, and Vestalis luctuosa. From the Shannon-Wiener discounting index, the value of index diversity on the entire research site is 1.466. The highest diversity value lies in the river's location leading to Toyo Marto's waterfall with a 2.02 diversity-index value. Obtained results that the Euphaea variegata has the most abundant with a 40.23% value.

Galindo-Perez, E. J., Chavez-Sandoval, B. E., Espinoza- Graciano, E., Flores-Martinez, M. C., Villeda-Callejas, M. P., Bhalli, J. A., Tejocote-Perez, M., & Garcia-Franco, F. (September-October, 2017). Cave macroinvertebrates as bioindicators of water quality. Water Technology and Sciences (in Spanish), 8 (5), 5-17. Caves are very fragile systems which are influenced by specific biogeographic and ecological patterns that maintain unique species of fauna, flora, and microbiota. One cave species, macroinvertebrates, represents a heterogeneous group of animal taxa which is in constant danger of extinction, principally due to anthropogenic activities. Macroinvertebrates have been widely used as bioindicators of the quality of biogeographic zones, ecosystems, and protected areas, as well as to determine protected species. The Boca del Rio Cave is located in the biogeographic transition zone in Mexico’s Neotropical region, and is home to a large enclave of different biotic elements. Twenty-nine organisms were collected and grouped into 19 families based on their morphological and physiological characteristics. The coefficient of taxonomic work (CTW) indicates that the taxonomic level family is the most consistent for all of the organisms collected. The Coenagronidae family was the most abundant in the study. The BMWP, ASPT, and SCI biotic index scores indicate that the water in the Boca del Rio Cave is slightly contaminated, while the Family Biotic Index (FBI) indicates poor water quality with very substantial organic pollution. The diversity of macroinvertebrate families confirms that the Boca del Rio Cave serves as an important refuge for fauna in the transition zone located in Mexico’s Nearctic biogeographic region. This report represents the first study to use bioindicators to analyze the water quality of a cave system, and contributes to the inventories of macroinvertebrate cave fauna.

Dragonflies are a part of biodiversity that possess aesthetic value due to their colorful appearance, as well as ecological, environmental, ecotourism, and educational significance. Segenter Waterfall in West Lombok has a unique bio-ecological characteristic, as it provides a habitat for various interesting dragonfly species. This can be utilized as an object for ecotourism and a learning resource. The aim of this research was to analyze the diversity of dragonflies in Segenter Waterfall. The method used in this research was a survey method with an area exploration technique following predetermined transect lines based on observation results: the edge path, the middle path, and the watershed path. The sweeping net method was used to collect dragonflies that could not be identified in the field for further observation in the laboratory. The results showed that the highest species abundance was Orthetrum sabina (0.55) and the lowest was Anax guttatus (0.19). Meanwhile, the highest diversity index was found in the water path (2.96) and the lowest in the middle path (2.74). In conclusion, the diversity of dragonfly species varies across each observation path, with the highest order being the Water Path, followed by the Edge Path, and the lowest being the Middle Path in the Segenter Waterfall area, Lombok Island.

There are about 5000-6000 types of dragonflies which will continue to grow when new types are found. The diversity of dragonflies in Indonesia is quite high, namely about 750 species or 12.5% of the total in the world. This study aims to determine the dragonfly community in flowing and stagnant water in the Cibodas Botanical Garden Area. The research method used was a descriptive exploratory method, while the data collection technique used the Catch and Release technique (TLK). Data analysis in this study used descriptive analysis. Data collection was carried out in May-July 2018. The locations included in the flowing water group were Sakura Park and Ciismun Waterfall, while Air Mancur and Guest House were included in the stagnant water group. The results showed that there were 8 types of dragonflies identified, namely Orthetrum Pruinosum, Orthetrum sabina, Orthetrum glaucum, Pantala flavescens, Neurothermis fluctuans, Neurothemis terminata, Ischnura senegalensis, Coeliccia membranipes. The most common species found was Pantala flavescens with 533 individuals, while the least species found was Neurothemis terminata with 4 individuals. Sub-order zygoptera was found only in 2 types in this study, namely the Coeliccia membranipes with the number of 101 individuals and Ischnura senegalensis with the number of 19 individuals. The dominant types of dragonflies in flowing and stagnant water are Pantala flavescens and Orthetrum pruinosum. The Coeliccia membranipes dragonfly was only found in running water, namely at the location of the Ciismun waterfall and Ischnura senegalensis only found in stagnant water, namely at the location of the fountain.

This research was conducted from february to April 2020 in three different areas, including in Petang in Penikit Village, Sayan Village, Ubud, and in Padang Galak Village, Sanur using sweeping techniques. This study aims to determine the diversity of dragonflies along the Ayung river. The analyzes carried out include analyzing the Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H'), evenness index (E), dominance index (D) sympons, frequency of presence and water quality of the Ayung River. The results showed as many as 11 species of dragonflies. The most common individuals found were Orthetrum Sabina (23 individuals), while the lowest individuals were from the Libellulidae family as many as 5 individuals. Most species and individuals were found at the Sayan location with 11 species with a total of 124 individuals (H'=2.24, E=0.93, D=0.19), followed by 6 species in the Petang location with a total of 27 individuals (H' =1.60, E=0.89, D=0.30), while the lowest was the Sanur location with 4 species with a total of 15 individuals (H'=0.94, E=0.69, D=0.67 ). Diversity of dragonflies in the Ayung River is classified as moderate (H'=2.36), the evenness index of species at the Petang and Sayan locations is in the almost evenly distributed category. Petang (0.89) and Sayan (0.93), while the Sanur location was in the fairly even category (0.69). The highest frequency of presence in Orthetrum sabina species was 89% with frequent or absolute presence categories. The BOD and DO values ??in the Ayung River do not meet the requirements of water quality standards, while COD meets the requirements based on PP No. 82 of 2001.
 Keywords: Diversity, dragonflies, Ayung River.

ABSTRAK Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menghasilkan E-book bagi siswa SMP berdasarkan keragaman capung di Kawasan Persawahan Pagar Gading Kabupaten Bengkulu Selatan. Jenis penelitian ini adalah Reseach and Devolopment yang mengacu pada langkah penelitian dan pengembangan Sugiyono (2017) yang telah dimodifikasi. Langkah penelitian disesuaikan dengan kebutuhan peneliti, yaitu potensi dan masalah, pengumpulan data, desain produk, validasi desain, dan revisi desain. Teknik pengumpulan data pada penelitian ini yaitu observasi, angket, dan dokumentasi. Teknik analisis data keragaman jenis capung dianalisis secara deskriptif. Uji validasi E-book meliputi aspek isi materi, penyajian, kebahasaan, dan kegrafisan. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ditemukan sebanyak 15 spesies capung dengan 5 famili dan 2 subordo, yaitu 9 spesies dari famili Libellulidae (Crocothemis erythraea, Crocothemis servilia, Diplacodes trivialis, Neurothemis ramburii, Neurothemis terminata, Orthetrum sabina, Pantala plavescens, Potamarcha congener, Trithemis aurora), 3 spesies dari famili Coenagrionidae (Agriocnemis femina, Ischnura senegalensis, Pseudagrion rubriceps), 1 spesies dari famili Platycnemididae (Copera marginipes), 1 spesies dari famili Chlorocyphidae (Libellago sumatrana) dan 1 spesies dari famili Protoneuridae (Prodasineura verticalis). Hasil uji validasi E-book oleh ahli media 97,6%, ahli materi 96,4%, dan ahli praktisi (guru IPA SMP) 85,7%. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa desain E-book yang dikembangkan berdasarkan keragaman capung di kawasan persawahan Pagar Gading Kabupaten Bengkulu Selatan ini sangat layak untuk diuji cobakan sebagai media belajar keanekaragaman hayati SMP kelas VII. Kata kunci: Capung, Persawahan, Pagar Gading, E-book ABSTRACT This study aims to produce E-book for SMP students based on the diversity of dragonflies in the rice fields of Pagar Gading, South Bengkulu Regency. This type of research is Research and Development which refers to the Research and Development steps of Sugiyono (2017) which has been modified. The research steps are adjusted to the needs of researchers, potential problems, data collection, product design, design validation, and design revision. Data collection techniques in this study are observation, questionnaires, and documentation. The data analysis technique for the diversity of dragonflies was analyzed descriptively. The E-book validation test covers aspects of material content, presentation, language, and graphics. Based on the results of the study found as many as 15 species of dragonflies with 5 families and 2 suborders, namely 9 species from the family Libellulidae (Crocothemis erythraea, Crocothemis servilia, Diplacodes trivialis, Neurothemis ramburii, Neurothemis terminata, Orthetrum sabina, Pantala plavescens, Potamarcha congener, Trithemis aurora), 3 species from family Coenagrionidae (Agriocnemis femina, Ischnura senegalensis, Pseudagrion rubriceps), 1 species from family Platycnemididae (Copera marginipes), 1 species from family Chlorocyphidae (Libellago sumatrana) and 1 species from family Protoneuridae (Prodasineura verticalis). The results of the E-book validation test by media experts were 97,6%, material experts 96,4%, and expert practitioners (Science teachers of SMP) 85,7%. It can be concluded that the design of the E-book which was developed based on the diversity of dragonflies in the Pagar Gading rice fields, South Bengkulu Regency, is very feasible to be tested as a medium for learning biodiversity in SMP class VII. Keywords: Dragonfly, Rice Fields, Pagar Gading, E-book