Communication, Organizing and Organization: An Overview and Introduction to the Special Issue

The need to ensure adequate numbers of motivated health professionals is at the forefront of the modernisation of the UK NHS. The aim of this paper is to assess current understanding of the labour supply behaviour of nurses, and to propose an agenda for further research. In particular, the paper reviews American and British economics literature that focuses on empirical econometric studies based on the classical static labour supply model. American research could be classified into first generation, second generation and recent empirical evidence. Advances in methods mirror those in the general labour economics literature, and include the use of limited dependent variable models and the treatment of sample selection issues. However, there is considerable variation in results, which depends on the methods used, particularly on the effect of wages. Only one study was found that used UK data, although other studies examined the determinants of turnover, quit rates and job satisfaction. The agenda for further empirical research includes the analysis of discontinuities in the labour supply function, the relative importance of pecuniary and non-pecuniary job characteristics, and the application of dynamic and family labour supply models to nursing research. Such research is crucial to the development of evidence-based policies.

Roles of accounting in New Service Development within Servitization – The viewpoint of pragmatic constructivism

Perhaps you are a doctoral student, mapping out how to parcel your dissertation; perhaps you are a junior scholar, strategizing your research plan; perhaps you are a senior scholar, who is thinking about what you want to say to the field. No matter what stage you are at as a management researcher, you might be looking to the Academy of Management (AOM) journals as a natural home for any and all of these creative research pursuits. However, it might not always be crystal clear how you should craft your work for the AOM journals, what contribution you might make at each journal, and consequently to which journal you should target your intellectual contributions.
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Responsible governance increasingly poses a multi-sector, multi-level challenge for managers. It relates to the effective management of a large number of societal interfaces along which companies, government and civil society organizations have to develop distinct means, ways and principles for dealing with sustainability issues. Most sustainability issues supersede the boundaries of the archetypical roles and primary responsibilities of each of the societal spheres (state, market, communities) from which organizations tend to derive primary responsibilities. Hybrid organizational forms are maturing that have taken up these challenges, but these face sizable governance challenges as well. The corporate governance discourse consequently requires both broadening and nuance. The agenda for ‘responsible governance’ should thereby not only deal with traditional corporate governance issues – aimed at correcting improper or irresponsible behaviour – but should also consider how to address wider issues of sustainability, aimed at driving and stimulating positive responsible behaviour. This contribution shows that this challenge requires parallel insights from two angles: a macro and a micro point of view. We construct a societally founded taxonomy of organizational forms and conceptualize four tiers of responsible governance challenges for organizations to delineate an agenda for further research. The four tiers of governance can function as ‘threshold concepts’ to enhance management and professional education.

The diffusion of independent anticorruption authorities (ACAs) has been an important global trend over the past few decades. Yet, little comparative work has been done to explain variations in formal and de facto independence of ACAs across political systems and governance contexts. This chapter contributes an analytical bridge between regulatory theory and anticorruption literature, which have practically ignored each other so far. It reviews the emerging literature that aims to explain the diversity of the organizational forms taken by the anticorruption drive in different contexts. This strand of research has shed light on the structure of incentives behind anticorruption reform: as the ideal of anticorruption makes political principals a potential target for sanctions, the independence of ACAs becomes appealing to leaders only to the extent that it generates electoral support, and otherwise dangerous whenever investigations hit close to home. Diachronic examination of variations in the independence of ACAs has highlighted that their development trajectories is shaped by the interplay between the degree of political support from changing governments and agency activism. The latter factor has been taken into account by recent studies, which argue that the de facto autonomy of ACAs is not only a product of their legislative frameworks, but equally emanates from their leaders' ability to construct their organisational legitimacy, identity and reputation in the eyes of multiple audiences. Against this background, the conclusive section sketches an agenda for further research around the following points: the relevance of quantitative and mixed-method studies on cross-national variations in ACAs' independence; the need to fill the gap of studies comparing performance metrics across ACAs; the importance of an inquiry into the relational nature of ACAs' independence in a multi-level and multi-actor context; the significance of greater insight about the effects of repetitive reform, which is crucial for ACAs to remain adaptable to a turbulent environment.

The literature on how network-based incubation influences the performance of technology-based start-ups has recently grown considerably and provided valuable insights. However, at the same time this literature has become quite fragmented, inconsistently conceptualised, and theoretically underdeveloped. Therefore, this article uses three management theories to structure the literature, improve the theoretical underpinning and develop an agenda for further research. The management theories are the resource-based view, knowledge-based view, organisational learning, and social capital theory. We find that the network-based incubation literature has convincingly shown that network-based incubation provides start-ups with resources, capabilities, knowledge, learning and social capital. However, the influence of these intermediary benefits on start-up performance is ambiguous. There is a considerable opportunity to advance the network-based incubation literature with contemporary insights from management theories. We propose an agenda for further research on network-based incubation that leads to a fine-grained model of the mechanisms and impact of network-based incubation that goes beyond taken for granted assumptions about the positive impact of network-based incubation.

I have been pleased and even surprised by the amount I have learned from this conference, and hope that this is also true of others. I have come away with a number of new ideas, and it has led me to change some of my previous views. That, to me, is as much as one can ever hope for from such an enterprise. A conference is not an activity which carries out research. It is an occasion which produces the agenda for further research. This is, indeed, what Lord Kaldor suggested in the letter in which he first described the objectives of the proposed conference, and I think it is precisely what it has been able to achieve. Of course, we did not arrive at nor did we intend to produce a set of firm and definitive conclusions. Rather, we sought merely to explore certain areas. Accordingly, let me try to list a few general interim conclusions which must themselves be considered as hypotheses that constitute items on the agenda for further research. By this I mean genuine research, undertaken with an open mind, whose outcome is not known in advance.

Chronic Poverty in India: Overview Study

Background Given the recognised relationship between poverty, welfare provision and health, welfare rights advice has emerged as a potentially key intervention in improving health and reducing inequalities. The generation of evidence in this area has proven difficult however, creating a need to take stock of existing research and develop an agenda for future work. Methods A series of four workshops was convened involving researchers from four UK universities who had previously undertaken work examining the relationship between welfare advice and health, from a range of methodological perspectives. Run concurrently to a scoping of the literature, these workshops aimed to synthesise lessons from prior research; formulate outstanding research questions; and outline potential methodological approaches for addressing these. A survey was undertaken with professionals (from welfare or legal advice sectors, the health sector, commissioning, local government, and housing services, n = 50) to test out, refine and add to these research questions. Results Key research questions developed from these workshops were: Are there inequalities in the impact and reach of advice services across social groups? How/ does advice delivery mode matter?What are the individual and system level impacts of the de-implementation of advice services?What are the impacts of changes to welfare provision on children, inter-generationally and throughout the life course?How do experiences of social welfare vary by social group, geographically and across generations? How do different identities combine to influence how social welfare is understood? Conclusions While the collaborative process brought challenges in balancing research and practitioner expertise, this model of working has been successful in setting an agenda for further research with maximum utility to practice. Direct outputs from the projects have been the collaborative submission of a journal article and a research bid. Key messages The collaboration, which was supported by the NIHR School of Public Health Research, led to the establishment of a concise research agenda. Through extensive stakeholder consultation, this will have maximal utility for practice.

The implications of climate change for global governance should not be ignored. Some of these implications for three international institutions – the UN, the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), and the EU – who might be described as managers of international security, are considered. A provisional outline of a number of the issues faced by these institutions and an agenda for further research is provided. Based on the analysis, it is concluded that the two main climate change factors that will affect international institutions are the politicization of climate change within the institutional process and whether they have the capacity and the resources needed to address additional climate change concerns. Policy relevance A provisional outline of a number of climate-related issues facing the UN, NATO, and the EU and an agenda for further research is provided. The specific focus is on the role these institutions play as ‘managers of international security’ on behalf of their members at a time when national and international security requires strong partnerships with other countries.

The new inclusive role of university technology transfer: Setting an agenda for further research

There is a preponderance of criticism in the literature about the EU-ACP Economic Partnership Agreement (EPA). This paper adopts a neutral stance to present some of these criticisms. The approach is a critical review that culminates in a suggested research agenda. A deduction from critical literature is critic’s censure of EU-ACP EPA apparent coercive posture, described as not meeting developmental expectations both in previous and current agreement. However, some literature avows that EU-ACP EPA has some benefits to EPA, but opines that institutional problems such as corruption in some ACP countries are a hindrance to the realisation of benefits from EPA. Accordingly, the paper suggests agenda for further research as follows: can it be conclusive that the ACP countries have not benefited from EU-ACP agreements thus far and how has corruption in the ACP countries hindered the realisation of intended benefits from EU-ACP agreements?

This article provides a critical review of recent literature that has attempted to define what a ‘failed state’ is and explains why such states emerge. It is argued that aggregate indices of ‘failure’ are misleading due to the wide variations of capacity across state functions within a polity. The focus on ranking states also distracts attention away from analyses concerning the dynamics of state capacity. Moreover, many of the definitions either compare reality to a Weberian ideal, or assume that violence is ‘development in reverse’, both of which are ahistorical and unhelpful as a guide to policy. The second part of the article assesses the contributions of functionalist, ‘new war’ and neo-Tillean approaches to explain state failure. The article finds that while these theories take concrete historical situations seriously, they have important theoretical and empirical shortcomings. Finally, the conclusion outlines an agenda for further research.

. R. POLE offers us set of reflections on and the American Revolution, not considered interpretation based on extensive research. His observations are interesting, at times striking, but they are also tentative, fragmentary, and, at various points, improperly posed-or so it seems to us. We have accordingly seen our task as one of restatement, using Pole's remarks to outline an agenda for further research. Pole makes two major claims. First, he argues that colonial courts, and particularly colonial juries, were significant in the system (p. I41), so much so that they served as representative institutions almost to the same extent as the provincial assemblies. Second, he maintains that community customs gradually became part of an American common law, largely because of jury decisions. Pole also initiates narrative of the American jury, suggesting that beginning in the I790S juries lost much (but not all) of their ability to act as representative institutions because of both the rise of parties and the power of resurgent bench. The role played by the American Revolution in the decline of the jury is neither well developed nor clearly stated, notwithstanding the title of the essay, so that it is not easy to discern the logic of Pole's argument. Pole thinks courts and juries were important institutions that made a distinctive and essential contribution ... to the representative character of colonial government (p. I24), contention he elaborates in three different arguments. He suggests that private prosecutions in criminal trials and widespread participation in civil suits meant that Americans enjoyed very direct, even democratic, access to the legal system. He devotes considerable space to highly publicized court cases (such as the New York land rioters' trials) in which colonial juries put their political and social sympathies before the requirements of law (p. 128). Citing research done on colonial Virginia, he maintains that some grand juries acted as agents of protest (p. I29), translating popular sentiment against the morals of the gentry into legal coercion. None of these three arguments is strong enough to support the weight Pole places on it. To begin with, while private litigants may have represented themselves more effectively than their representatives did, they were seeking remedies for their individual grievances, not the collective interests (p. I41) of the society, and hence they were hardly

The impact of disability on self and society: an agenda for research on rehabilitation of disabled in Nigeria