Abstract
Some superstring-inspired models employ intermediate scales m 1 of gauge symmetry breaking. Such scales should exceed 10 16 GeV in order to avoid prima facie problems with baryon decay through heavy particles and non-perturbative behaviour of the gauge couplings above m I . However, the intermediate-scale phase transition does not occur until the temperature of the Universe falls below O( m w), after which an enormous excess of entropy is generated. Moreover, gauge symmetry breaking by renormalization group-improved radiative corrections is inapplicable because the symmetry-breaking field has no renormalizable interactions at scales below m I . We also comment on the danger of baryon and lepton number violation in the effective low-energy theory.
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