Comic performance and the articulation of hybrid identity

The primary goal of language teaching is to afford learners, proficiency in communicating in the target language, self-development as well as intercultural understanding of languages in the learning process. The teacher is therefore charged with the task of selecting appropriate strategies to effectively achieve his pedagogic goals, one of which is the use of Code switching and Code mixing. Traditionally, this strategy has been viewed negatively as signs of deficiencies in a speaker, though in a typical multilingual setting, speakers tend to select multiple codes or mix languages they consider appropriate to facilitate and clarify meanings in their language expressions. This study intends to project the socio- linguistic functions inherent in code switching and mixing that can help ESL students transcend from the known (L1) to the unknown (L2), especially in learning complex language contents; making the teacher’s work, productive and less strenuous. A quantitative methodology was adopted to ascertain the efficacy of code switching and mixing as a teaching strategy. The results revealed that Code switching and mixing have progressive and positive effects in language learning, both for the teacher and learners in the ESL situation.

The problem of switching and mixing codes is extremely relevant in foreign and domestic linguistic science over the past decades. In this case, if code-switching is understood by all researchers more or less equally (switching from one language to another within a single text – dialog or monologue), then by mixing the code (code-mixing), the case looks much more complicated. The term «mixing of codes» is understood by different researchers in fundamentally different ways: from the introduction into one language of the elements of another language in almost unlimited quantities and in the unadapted (phonetically and grammatically) form before switching codes within the same sentence, that is, the kind of switching codes (the second approach thus postulates the process of speaking in two languages and removes the fundamental difference between switching codes and mixing codes). The study of the mixing of speech codes is an interesting and promising branch of research on the theory of language contacts. Among the fundamental works on this subject should be the study of P. Muysken (Muysken, 2000), where he provides a detailed typology of situations of mixing language codes. In linguistic research, there is a widespread practice of using «mixing codes» and «switching codes» as interchangeable, as well as a series of studies where the term «mixing codes» is used to describe and switch codes and massive borrowings. While the term «switching codes» emphasizes the transition of bilingual from one grammatical system to another, the term «mixing codes» implies the presence of hybrid forms associated with both grammars. In other words, mixing codes emphasizes the formal aspects of linguistic structures or linguistic competence, while code switching emphasizes linguistic performance. The psycho-linguistic direction concerning the study of the switching of speech codes among the bilingual environment explains which aspects of the linguistic competence of bilinguals allow them to modify the codes. Often, the choice of a foreign language involves a waiver of the synonymous form in the language of the successor of the language, thus opposed to an alternative way of expressing communicative intentions in a foreign language. The purpose of our scientific studio is to present function the mixing and switching codes on the materials of the memoirs («Planet DP») and the epistolary works of Ukrainian writers-emigrants in Canada, in particular, by Ulas O. Samchuk with his colleagues, publishers, etc. The main methods of research used were: the method of comparative analysis, which allows to detect English-language infusions as units of English, which determine the national-cultural specificity of the English language; the method of component analysis, which allowed to reveal the semantic interrelations of British realities; descriptive method and method of content analysis. In the course of the study, we came to the conclusion that the addressee and addressees, real masters of the artistic word, almost do not allow the English language to be spoken in Ukrainian, or such spraying is deliberately used and is a means of language play.

During the past thirty years, code-mixing (or code-switching) has been the central issue for investigation of bilingualism by many scholars and researchers in various fields such as linguistics, psycholinguistics and sociolinguistics. Most of the studies have been concerned with the varying grammatical constraints governing the language behaviour of code-mixing (CM), and what language choices or what 'rights and obligations' between speakers trigger the switch in conversational interactions. Much of the research has shown evidence that CM is not a behaviour of language deficiency or interference; rather it has its own functional and pragmatic meanings. In spite of the significant contributions in the area of conversational CM, research into written CM is still in its infancy. Most of the empirical works which have been completed are related to two languages. Very few studies have involved three languages and none of them has involved language attitudes towards CM behaviour in written texts.This study is two-fold: first, it examines the functions of written CM based on data collected from selected Chinese newspapers in Hong Kong. Three types of newspapers are analysed: 'quality' press, 'popular' press and 'financial and economic' press. This study is concerned with the 'hard news' in terms of local and international news items in which Cantonese and English are used as the 'guest' languages mixing with standard Chinese as the 'host' language. The theoretical frameworks are based on Gumperz's (1982) and Appel & Muysken's (1987) sociolinguistic perspective. This study argues that the social functions found in conversational CM are largely applicable to written CM. According to Gumperz, there are two types of switching, that is, situational and metaphorical. In situational switching, settings, topics, and participants are the three main components to affect the code choice. The results of this study show that code choice in newspapers is correlated to types of newspapers, news genres and targeted readerships. Cantonese CM has higher occurrences in the local news while English CM has higher occurrences in international news. In terms of metaphorical switching, nine functions of written CM are identified in this study.Second, apart from the investigation of news texts, attitudes towards written CM in newspapers are also examined thoroughly through questionnaire surveys undertaken in Hong Kong. Based on the concepts of Ferguson's (1959) diglossia, language purism and varieties, and social functions of CM, two sets of questionnaires are designed to elicit perceptions from readers and journalists alike. The results indicate that English CM is more acceptable than Cantonese CM in the community. An ambivalent attitude towards written CM shows that the latter is not acceptable overtly, but covertly it is acceptable by readers. According to the surveys, written CM is a communicative strategy, which is intentionally adopted by journalists to achieve functional purposes. The functions identified in CM news texts are in line with the results of the surveys.This thesis aims to shed light on the language behaviour of trilingual written CM. It hopes to provide both an understanding of the motivations and also the functions of using trilingual written CM in news coverage, and the attitudes taken both by the users and receivers towards CM in written communications. It will be encouraging to have additional in-depth studies from different approaches in the foreseeable future.

This article aims to describe the form of Arabic code mixing by Korean pop fans on Tiktok comments column. All data presented is obtained from observations in Tiktok accounts linked to the author's personal account. The observation data is in the form of sentences that contain mixed codes that appear on short videos of Korean pop fans' accounts in the form of captions, comments and sentences in videos. The data collection method used in this study is an observation method with screen capture techniques and note-taking techniques. The findings of the data are then analyzed and presented with a qualitative description explanation. From the results of the study, it appears that the mixed code contained in the Arabic uploads of Korean pop fans on Tiktok accounts is a type of mixed foreign language code or mixed code outward (outer code mixing). Based on the results of the analysis, it shows that in Arabic uploads on TikTok accounts, the Korean Pop fans use a mixture of codes by inserting elements of English and Korean in their uploads. The use of mixed codes of English elements is most predominantly found. The meaning of the mixed code consists of a denotative meaning, namely the actual meaning and the connotative meaning that refers to the distinctive meaning prevailing in the Korean Pop fan community.

This article aims to describe the form of Arabic code mixing by Korean pop fans on Tiktok comments column. All data presented is obtained from observations in Tiktok accounts linked to the author's personal account. The observation data is in the form of sentences that contain mixed codes that appear on short videos of Korean pop fans' accounts in the form of captions, comments and sentences in videos. The data collection method used in this study is an observation method with screen capture techniques and note-taking techniques. The findings of the data are then analyzed and presented with a qualitative description explanation. From the results of the study, it appears that the mixed code contained in the Arabic uploads of Korean pop fans on Tiktok accounts is a type of mixed foreign language code or mixed code outward (outer code mixing). Based on the results of the analysis, it shows that in Arabic uploads on TikTok accounts, the Korean Pop fans use a mixture of codes by inserting elements of English and Korean in their uploads. The use of mixed codes of English elements is most predominantly found. The meaning of the mixed code consists of a denotative meaning, namely the actual meaning and the connotative meaning that refers to the distinctive meaning prevailing in the Korean Pop fan community.

The phenomenon of code mixing in the use of Indonesian, especially in works of art such as song lyrics, is one of the factors that cause language shift in the era of globalization. This study aims to analyze the form of outward code mixing in the lyrics of the song “Everybody Knew” by Citra Scholastika. The research used descriptive qualitative method with the object of research in the form of song lyrics “Everybody Knew” published through YouTube platform. The data collection technique was carried out through the method of listening and recording, with the steps of listening to the song thoroughly, recording the parts of the lyrics that contain code mixes, and analyzing the types of code mixes that appear. Data analysis used data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing models. The results showed that the song “Everybody Knew” consists of 30 stanzas with 56 lyrics, and there are seven stanzas that contain code mix from Indonesian to English. There are four forms of code-mixing found, which are then repeated four times throughout the lyrics of the song. In conclusion, the code mix in the song “Everybody Knew” shows a tendency to use foreign languages as part of the musician's artistic expression style, as well as reflecting the influence of global culture in everyday language use.

In recent years, the practice of code mixing in public communication in Bali has increased. Code mixing events can occur anytime and anywhere. One form of code mixing that has attracted attention is code mixing in pop song lyrics, especially Balinese pop songs. This is a concern in itself regarding the character of Balinese Pop songs, which were initially aimed at preserving Balinese art and culture, especially in terms of language, but have become something that seems to be forced solely for the sake of market demands. The formulation of the problem in this research is: 1) What is the form of code mixing in the lyrics of songs sung by Bagus Wirata 2) What factors encourage code mixing in the lyrics of songs sung by Bagus Wirata. The research approach used is an empirical method because the use of Balinese in the lyrics of Bagus Wirata's songs already exists naturally. The object of research in this research is the songs sung by singer Bagus Wirata. The data collection methods used were document study, observation and interviews.The research results are; 1. The form of code mixing in the lyrics of songs sung by Bagus Wirata is: The use of code mixing in the form of words is most often used in the lyrics of songs sung by Bagus Wirata with a total usage percentage of 63%. Code mixing in the form of clauses ranks second with a usage percentage of 19%. The remainder is code mixing in the form of phrases amounting to 13%, code mixing in the form of basters 3% and code mixing in the form of repeated words 2%. 2. Factors that encourage code mixing in the lyrics of songs sung by Bagus Wirata are; 1) language dominance, 2) language attitudes, 3) psycholinguistic motivation, 4) lack of equivalent words in Balinese, 5) commercial target market. 3. The impact of using code mixing on the Balinese language, namely; 1) destruction of the Balinese language system, 2) extinction of the Balinese language.

Nowadays in the era of globalization, many people use two languages in communication and it is called bilingualism. Bilingualism occurs when speakers and listeners mix languages. This situation is known as code mixing. Code mixing is the use of more than one language in one sentence. Code mixing is not only used in direct communication but also in writing, for example in literature and especially in novels. The phenomenon of code mixing occurs in the novel The Chocolate Thief by Laura Florand. The aims of this study to identify the types of code-mixing and to find out the factors of code mixing used by Laura Florand in The Chocolate Thief novel. This study employs a descriptive qualitative method. The data were collected through documentation and note-taking techniques, focusing on narration and utterance of the characters in the novel which contain English France code mixing. The collected data were analyzed by applying Muysken’s theory about the types of code mixing, which includes insertion, alternation, and congruent lexicalization. It also applies Bathia and Ritchie's theory to find out the factors for code mixing, which includes participants roles and relationship, situational factors, message instrinsic factors, and language attitude, dominance, and security. The finding of this study, there are three types and four factors of code mixing. This novel was used code mixing in narration and character utterances. There are three types used, namely insertion, alternation, and congruent lexicalization. Insertion is the most frequently used type. The factors for using code-mixing can be determined from the types of code-mixing used by Laura Florand. From the research findings, four factors were identified, participants roles and relationships, situational factors, message intrinsic factors, and language attitudes, dominance, and security.

<p style="text-align: justify;"><em>In Pondok pesantren Darul Iman, students are required to communicate using the Arabic language, so researchers are interested in examining whether in Pondok pesantren Darul Iman, there is a mix of Arabic and mother tongue code which is the language they learned from birth, as well as to determine the factors and forms of mixed language code in conversation at pesantren Darul Iman, the method used in this study is a qualitative descriptive method. The results of this study showed that there is a mix of codes that occurs in the conversation of Islamic boarding school students. Darul Iman is divided into three formations, namely: (1) mix the code of Indonesian to Arabic, (2) mix the code of regional languages to Arabic. This study found the type of outer code mixing in the form of insertion and congruent lexicalization. The factors that cause language mixing in the conversation of students at Pondok pesantren Darul Iman are: (1) limitations in vocabulary, (2) background of speakers, (3) mixing codes occurs due to the situation, (4) speech partners with the same background, (5) speakers do not find the right word equivalent, (6) clarification and refinement of requests, (7) the habit of interacting using regional languages.</em></p>

People in Indonesia often use two languages interchangeably or by mixing two language conversations in daily life. The phenomenon of mixing language is often called code mixing. Code mixing also used on Quipper video, the speaker submits learning material using code mixing to make it easier to understand. The purpose of this study is to find out the types of code mixing by Hoffman's theory namely intra-sentential code mixing, intra-lexical code mixing, and involving a change of pronunciation, and the factors that influence code mixing by Holmes's theory namely the participants, social context, the topic, and the function. This study used qualitative content analysis as an approach. The data source will take from Quipper video Indonesia Youtube channel. The results of this study showed that the teacher used all the types of code mixing by Hoffman namely intra-sentential code mixing 87%, intra-lexical code mixing 11%, and involving a change of pronunciation 2%. While for the factors that influence code mixing, the researcher found three factors that used by the teacher namely the participants 30%, the topic 45%, and the function 25%.

This research is a study of the use of code mixing in K.H's lectures. Bahauddin Nursalim downloaded on YouTube. The background of this research is the lecture has an important role in presenting oral explanations to the audience both for the present or the future. Communities will easily accept ideas from those who are adept at speaking in a variety of ways by lecturers. The purpose of this research is to describe the form of code mixing, types of code mixing, and factors for the occurrence of language code mixing in K.H’s lectures. Bahauddin Nursalim. This type of research is qualitative. The subject of this research is the speech K.H. Bahauddin Nursalim, while the object of research is mixed language code used by K.H. Bahauddin Nursalim in the lecture. Data obtained by downloading videos from YouTube channel Serambi Narukan as many as five episodes. Data collection was carried out by listening methods followed by tapping techniques, competent free involve listening techniques and note taking techniques. The method of data analysis was carried out interactively including, (1) Data reduction, at this stage the researcher listened to K.H's lecture. Bahauddin Nursalim which has been downloaded from YouTube to collect data mixed language codes. (2) Presentation of data, i.e. in this study the data is presented in tabular form so that it is easy to understand, then the data is narrated. (3) Withdrawal of Conclusions, i.e. the data are inferred based on the research objectives in a descriptive form. The results showed that (1) The form of code mixing in K.H's lectures. Bahauddin Nursalim in the form of words, phrases and clauses. (2) the type of code mix used in K.H's lecture. bahauddin Nursalim in the form of mixed code in, mixed code out, and mixed code mixed. (3) Factors of code mixing in K.H.'s lecture Bahauddin Nursalim includes speakers and speech partners in relaxed situations, speakers to show their intelligence, and the need for foreign language expressions because there is no appropriate language equivalent in use

For Arabic-English bi/multilinguals, language development involves navigating not two but three distinct linguistic repertoires. This study investigates the translanguaging practices of two Arabic-English bilingual Saudi children living in a U.S.-based household. Drawing on ethnographic observations, audio recordings, field notes, and semi-structured interviews—and guided by Canagarajah’s translingual strategies and Lave and Wenger’s communities of practice—the research explores how these children navigate and negotiate their linguistic repertoires in everyday familial discourse. Specifically, it examines how their use of code-switching (CS) and code-mixing (CM) functions as intentional, context-sensitive strategies for meaning-making and social participation. The children’s interactions reflect three interrelated themes: hybrid use of translingual strategies, CS and CM as collaborative tools for constructing meaning, and a developing reflexivity regarding language choice. Their language use varied systematically according to topic, setting, and interlocutor, demonstrating strategic awareness. For instance, Arabic was primarily used with adults and for culturally embedded topics, while English predominated with peers and school-related conversations. These patterns suggest a high degree of metalinguistic awareness and agency in managing multilingual discourse. The study challenges deficit views of language mixing by illustrating how CS and CM serve as expressions of identity and tools for navigating bilingual realities. By highlighting how children use envoicing, recontextualization, and interactional negotiation, it underscores the fluidity and creativity of their language practices. These findings emphasize the importance of recognizing translanguaging as a valuable communicative resource rather than linguistic interference. The study contributes to sociolinguistic research by calling for broader recognition of translingualism within Arabic bilingual contexts and urges further exploration of how institutional language ideologies may shape or restrict these practices in educational settings. Future research might examine how such strategies evolve in institutional settings, where dominant language ideologies may constrain translingual practices.

This research is entitled "Mix Code in Tere Liye's Novel About You". The problems that will be discussed in this study are the types of code mixing, the origin (source) of code mixing, and the factors causing code mixing. The purpose of this study is to explain the types and factors of code mixing contained in Tere Liye's novel About You. The method used in this research is the referential method. This research uses sociolinguistic theory and bilingual theory. The results of this study reveal that in the novel About You, there are various types of code mixing, namely, the first type of code mixing based on mixed language, namely internal code mixing, external code mixing. The types of code mixing based on the linguistic level are divided into two types, namely the word level and the phrase level. Code mixing at the word level is divided into basic words, affixed words, compound words, and pronouns. Second, the origin (source) of inward code mixing comes from regional languages, and outward code mixing comes from foreign languages. Third, the factors causing code mixing are influenced by speaker factors; seen from the background of speakers, and language factors; seen from the limitations of the choice of words that are shorter, popular, and prestigious.

The mastery of more and more languages ​​causes a change in the use of one language with another in the communication process. The use of languages ​​with different ethnic backgrounds will also provide different language variations in the communication process. One of the language variations is in the form of code switching and code mixing. Code switching and code mixing are the changing of a particular language or variety of language into another language. Code switching and code mixing can occur in bilingual or multilingual communities. Language mixing occurs in the context of formal and non-formal speech. Code switching and code mixing can not only occur in direct speech, but can also occur in social media, especially Twitter. This study aims to identify forms and describe the factors that influence the occurrence of code switching and code mixing on the Twitter account @KuntoAjiW. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative method. Data was obtained through observation and documentation on social media Twitter. The results of this study are in the form of code switching and code mixing, as well as factors that influence code switching and code mixing on social media Twitter on the @KuntoAjiW account. The forms of code switching and code mixing contained in the @KuntoAjiW account are Indonesian, Javanese and English. Factors that influence the occurrence of code-switching and code-mixing on the @KuntoAjiW account are the habits of speakers, speech partners, the presence of third speakers, and the use of more popular terms and topics of conversation..

Increasing language acquisition results in the change of use of one language to another in the communication process. The use of languages ​​with different ethnic backgrounds will provide different language variations in the communication process. One of the language variations is in the form of code switching and code mixing. Code switching and code mixing are changes in a particular language or language variety to another language. Code switching and code mixing can occur in bilingual or multilingual communities. Language mixing occurs in the context of formal or non-formal speech. Code switching and code mixing can not only occur in direct speech, but can also occur on social media, especially Twitter. This study aims to identify the form and describe the factors that influence the occurrence of code switching and code mixing on the Twitter account @KuntoAjiW. The method used in this study is a descriptive qualitative method. Data were obtained through observation and documentation on Twitter social media. The results of this study are in the form of code switching and code mixing, as well as factors that influence the occurrence of code switching and code mixing on Twitter social media on the @KuntoAjiW account. The form of code switching and code mixing found on the @KuntoAjiW account is in the form of Indonesian, Javanese and English. Factors that influence the occurrence of code switching and code mixing in the @KuntoAjiW account are the speaker's habits, conversation partners, the presence of a third speaker, the use of more popular terms and the topic of conversation.