«Come alberi senza radici»: le sfide dell’accoglienza ai giovani migranti nelle narrazioni degli operatori

Part C of the United Nation’s (UN) 10th Sustainable Development Goal to reduce inequality addresses the high transaction costs faced by migrants when sending money home. The target is to reduce transaction fees to a maximum of 3%. To test the strength of these targets in reducing income inequality, we conducted instrumental variable (IV) estimations on 32 low-income countries for the period 2008–2021. The results show that remittances – typically made by low-paid workers–help reduce income inequality in the home country and that high transaction fees probably reduce the average remitted amount, rather than discouraging migrants from sending money home. Both remitting behaviors contribute to widening the income gap. Based on our estimations, the ‘affordable level’ is up to 1.93%. Fees greater than this would result in fewer remittances given the budget constraints faced the remitters – often employed in unskilled jobs in high-income countries. Hence, our results do not support the SDG 10.c target of 3%, and suggest that the UN should thus revise the target and set fees to be no higher than 2%.

This slide is about a Sending Money Home, Remittance Market Between the United States and the Dominican Republic. Presents a Best Practices on Remesas Quisqueyana Inc: Innovative Products, Objective ¿The Ideal Remittance¿ and Ideal Remittance.

This article focuses on the significance of generational difference and kinship ties in the lives of young Brazilian migrants living and working in Japan. On these terms, I transcend an ongoing tendency in transnational migration studies to highlight the importance of economic motivation, a myth of return and the primary significance of communal ties in the shaping of everyday migrant experiences. By treating generational difference as a kin relationship I consider the central influence of family in shaping the experiences and future plans of young Brazilian migrants in Japan. By considering generational difference as a migrant relationship I discuss young people’s perceptions of freedom, familial obligation and easy money in the light of contested understandings of what it means to be a Brazilian migrant in Japan. Through this analysis, the article offers fresh insights into both migration between Brazil and Japan and understandings of belonging, difference and attachment in transnational social spaces.

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Innovation, entrepreneurship, and economic growth are key elements of Morocco's economic development. The country has implemented several strategies to encourage innovation, promote entrepreneurship, and support entrepreneurs across various sectors, which contributes to its economic growth. In recent years, Morocco has undergone a significant transformation in its economic landscape, with increased focus on technological innovation. The Moroccan government has launched initiatives such as the “Morocco Digital Plan” and the “Industrial Acceleration Plan”, aiming to strengthen innovation capacities and attract foreign investment. These plans seek to diversify the Moroccan economy, traditionally focused on agriculture and the textile industry, by integrating emerging sectors such as information and communication technologies (ICT) and renewable energy. Entrepreneurship is also booming in Morocco, with a notable increase in the number of startups and SMEs. These businesses play a crucial role in job creation, representing about 90% of the country’s enterprises. Young Moroccan entrepreneurs benefit from incubation and acceleration programs that provide them with access to funding, training, and professional networks. Initiatives such as the “Startup Act” aim to facilitate business creation by simplifying administrative procedures and offering tax incentives. However, several challenges remain. Access to financing is still a major obstacle for many entrepreneurs, especially those from disadvantaged backgrounds. In addition, insufficient infrastructure in certain regions can hinder economic development. Bureaucratic complexities and a lack of coordination among different economic actors also pose barriers to innovation. To overcome these challenges, it is essential for Morocco to continue fostering an entrepreneurial culture and improving its regulatory framework. Support for scientific research is also crucial to encourage sustainable innovation. By integrating research more effectively into economic strategies, Morocco can not only boost its economic growth but also strengthen its position on the international stage. Keywords: Innovation; entrepreneurship; economic growth; sustainable development. Received Date: August 21, 2025 Accepted Date: September 13, 2025 Published Date: October 01, 2025 Available Online at https://www.ijsrisjournal.com/index.php/ojsfiles/article/view/462

Migrant integration trajectories have become more complex, open, uncertain, and continuously changing, over time. For young migrants, their integration endeavour intersects with their process of transition to adulthood, a double transition that poses additional challenges. Recent theoretical perspectives such as "liquid integration" aim at focusing on the dynamic, processual, and temporal nature of migrant integration. The present article focuses on the dynamic interplay of obstacles and enablers that, over time, interact to construct complex, often non-linear, and open-ended integration and coming of age trajectories of young migrants (aged from 18 to 30 years) coming from outside the European Union (EU) to EU countries. Empirical results from the H2020 MIMY (Empowerment through liquid Integration of Migrant Youth in vulnerable conditions) research project in Luxembourg will be presented. In order to address the goal of the research, qualitative data were gathered by means of N = 38 interviews with young migrants with different migratory paths, characteristics and experiences, and specifically included: young migrants from non-EU Portuguese-speaking countries (N = 16), refugees living in reception centres (N = 15), migrants who since arriving in Luxembourg have become publicly visible (N = 7). Content analysis of the interviews allowed a twofold purpose: (1) capturing the unfolding of intersectional integration obstacles that over time play a decisive role in the building of conditions of vulnerability of the double transition under analysis; (2) capturing the multidimensional resources that interactively build up to give rise to resilient and empowering integration and coming of age experiences. The identification of decisive multidimensional obstacles and resources present in the integration endeavour during the process of coming of age allowed us to capture differentiated routes of vulnerability, on the one hand, and resilience/ empowerment on the other. Key ingredients of both vulnerable and more resilient and empowering integration and coming of age trajectories are identified as well as their relational dynamics, enabling to address key challenges for the resilience and empowerment of young migrants in the process of negotiating their transition to adulthood amidst their integration challenges in the Luxembourgish society.

This study assessed socio-economic impacts of labour migration from Zimbabwe to South Africa using the case of a rural community in Bikita district of Masvingo Province. Mixed methods were used during primary data collection. The sample comprised 48 households selected through snowball sampling and five purposively selected key informants. Data analysis involved both statistical and thematic analysis. The major reason for migration from this community to South Africa was the search for employment given the lack of jobs in Zimbabwe. This helped migrant households improve their purchasing power and enhance their consumption of goods. Remittances were, however, inadequate to meet all household needs. Hence, some failed to pay children’s school fees in time, access health services when ill, and have balanced diets. When migrant workers decide to move to South Africa, it is not always the case that their children automatically have a better life. Some of them fail to remit regularly and if they send money home, small amounts may be involved. Despite this challenge, migrant households depended on remittances which cushioned them during times of need. Government should control labour migration to South Africa through creating employment and ensure that children of poor labour migrants attend school.

The Institute of Health Sciences at Palo on Leyte Gulf represents a bold initiative to counteract the perennial exodus of nurses and physicians, an exodus that leaves the Philippines with dangerously inadequate medical services. Organized within the University of the Philippines, the institute is separate from the university's traditional medical school, operating under its own dean. The institute's program clearly holds promise for the Philippines and may provide an example for other developing nations. Statistics illustrate the problem. The ratio of nurses to the population is 1:5245. In 1986, 129 schools graduated 6270 nurses; at this writing there were 96 000 registered nurses abroad and 64 000 in the Philippines. Mothers often raise daughters to be nurses who will go abroad to work and send money home. The ratio of physicians to the population is 1:6423. Twenty-seven medical schools graduate 3500 physicians annually, and at least 65% of them emigrate

Brochure on a conference in Lima, Peru May 2004

Immigration from collectivist cultures to Western countries often results in loss of social capital and changing family dynamics leading to isolation and acculturative stress. This study explored the impact of social and cultural changes experienced by seven migrant communities residing in Greater Western Sydney, Australia. It deconstructed the role of local community and networks in their initial settlement in absence of traditional forms of community support. Data were collected through fourteen focus group discussions (164 participants). Five major themes emerged: (i) changing gender roles and women empowerment; (ii) sending money home; (iii) culture shock and increased intercultural conflict; (iv) change in lifestyle from collective to individual culture; and (v) role of extended community in mitigating culture shock. These findings suggest that community interventions aimed at improving cultural and social engagement of migrants employ social capital framework. This will ensure enhanced communication within migrant families and communities from different cultural and linguistic backgrounds.

Purpose:This study analyzes the relationship between Remittance and Exports by using 32 years timeseries data from the period 1981 to 2012. Methodology:This study includes Regression analysis OLS, Granger causality test, , Eigenvalue test, stability analysis ,Augmented DickyFuller tests ,Error correction model , cointegaration and sensitivity analysis. Finding:The results show the negative effect of remittance on exports in the long run in Pakistan which is completely against previous studies to date. Implications:The Government of Pakistan should lower the barriers to remittance flows and reduce the transaction cost for migrants who send money home and make export market more competitive to have significant positive impact of remittances on export.

On a phone booth in Manchester, England — where I now live as a transmigrant — I saw an advertisement that read: ‘Send money home from closer to home.’ It went on to announce that you can send funds to locations around the world from any British Post Office. The Post Office, whose sales operations have now been privatized, has joined businesses around the world that seek to profit from migrant remittances. Spanish banks extend mortgages to migrants living in Spain who are building houses ‘back home’ in Ecuador and elsewhere in Latin America, while appliance stores in Brazil process orders for customers whose source of payment comes from family members living abroad (Lapper, 2007a). Migrants’ money transfers, purchases of costly commodities, and homeland investments figure large in the recent policies of powerful globe-spanning financial institutions, such as the World Bank, which have proclaimed migrant remitters as the new agents of international development (De Haas, 2007; Fajnzylber and Humberto Lopez, 2008; Lapper, 2007b; World Bank, 2006). Meanwhile, researchers of development and migration, while noting the possibilities and contradictions of migrant remittances on sending and receiving localities, take for granted that migrants are both local and transnational actors (Faist, 2008; Fauser, Chapter 6 in this volume). Yet at the same time that the transnationality of migrants is being both routinely documented and celebrated, politicians and the mass media in Europe and the United States are focusing their concern primarily on questions of ‘integration’, portraying migrants’ transnational ties as threats to ‘national security’.

Remittances, the part of the migrant's income sent back to their family living in the origin country, have become a critical stepping-stone to economic development for many developing nations. A key factor that causes migrants to use informal channels is the high cost of ransferring funds through formal channels. Reducing the cost of remitting is one of the 2030 Sustainable Development Goals; it is also an important policy objective as it helps to bring remittances into the formal economy, enhances financial inclusion and increases the net income of receiving households. This study examines the question of whether and to what extent the reduction in the cost of remittances increases the flow of remittances to developing countries, and whether larger amounts are remitted when the cost per transaction decreases (the so-called scale effect). It uses bilateral data on remittance flows and exploits a novel dataset covering transaction costs for 30 sending and 75 receiving countries for the period 2011-2017. A gravity model of remittance flows is estimated using panel data and instrumental variable techniques to account for potential endogeneity. We find that transaction cost is a significant predictor of the volume of formal remittances. A 1 percent decrease in the cost of remitting USD 200 leads to about a 1.6 percent increase in remittances. This association remains unchanged regardless of the models used and techniques employed. In addition to this strong impact of transfer fees, migrant stock, exchange rate stability in the recipient country and financial development in both the recipient and sending countries are also found to be important factors driving remittances. The findings suggest that policies designed to increase remittances need to focus on decreasing the cost of remitting through formal channels.

On a phone booth in Manchester, England — where I now live as a transmigrant — I saw an advertisement that read: 'Send money home from closer to home.' It went on to announce that you can send funds to locations around the world from any British Post Office. The Post Office, whose sales operations have now been privatized, has joined businesses around the world that seek to profit from migrant remittances. Spanish banks extend mortgages to migrants living in Spain who are building houses 'back home' in Ecuador and elsewhere in Latin America, while appliance stores in Brazil process orders for customers whose source of payment comes from family members living abroad (Lapper, 2007a). Migrants' money transfers, purchases of costly commodities, and homeland investments figure large in the recent policies of powerful globe-spanning financial institutions, such as the World Bank, which have proclaimed migrant remitters as the new agents of international development (De Haas, 2007; Fajnzylber and Humberto Lôpez, 2008; Lapper, 2007b; World Bank, 2006). Meanwhile, researchers of development and migration, while noting the possibilities and contradictions of migrant remittances on sending and receiving localities, take for granted that migrants are both local and transnational actors (Faist, 2008; Fauser, Chapter 6 in this volume). Yet at the same time that the transnationality of migrants is being both routinely documented and celebrated, politicians and the mass media in Europe and the United States are focusing their concern primarily on questions of 'integration', portraying migrants' transnational ties as threats to 'national security'.

BackgroundThis paper presents data on the remittances sent by migrant nurses to their families "back home". It gives voice to the experiences of migrant nurses and illustrates the financial obligations they maintain while working overseas. Although the international economic recession has decreased global remittance flows, they remain resilient. Drawing on the experiences of migrant nurses in Ireland, this paper indicates how and why migrants strive to maintain remittance flows, even in an economic downturn.MethodsA mixed-methods approach was employed, and the paper draws on data from qualitative in-depth interviews undertaken with 21 migrant nurses in addition to a quantitative survey of 336 migrant nurses in Ireland.ResultsThe survey of migrant nurses revealed that 87% (293) of the sample sent remittances on a regular basis. According to respondents, remittances made a huge difference in the lives of their family members back home. Remittances were used to ensure that family members could obtain access to health and education services. They were also used to provide an income source for family members who were unemployed or retired.As remittances played an essential role in supporting family members back home, respondent migrant nurses were reluctant to reduce the level of their remittances, despite the onset of a global recession. Respondents noted that an increased demand for remittances from their families coincided with a reduction in their own net salaries – as a result of increased taxes and reduced availability of overtime – and this was a cause for concern for Ireland's migrant nurses.ConclusionThis paper provides insights into the importance of remittances in funding social support for family members in home countries. It also illustrates the sacrifices made by migrant nurses to ensure continuation of the remittances, particularly in the context of an economic recession.