Combustion, performance, and emission characteristics of diesel engine using oxyhydrogen gas as a fuel additive.

Substitution for diesel in CI engines is an immediate need of the hour, considering fuel scarcity and environmental safety. The usage of oxy-hydrogen (HHO) gas from dry cell electrolyser, as a new source of energy, is gaining an increasing interest worldwide, because of its excellent combustion properties and the ease of retrofitting to the existing engine. In the present work, Taguchi’s design of experiments (DoE) is used to optimize HHO gas production. Further, the obtained results were reviewed using grey relational analysis (GRA) and analysis of variance (ANOVA). The operational parametric studies of the optimized electrolyser were conducted. Performance, emission and combustion characteristics with HHO gas as dual fuel in CI engine were also performed. The lubricating oil and deposit study in dual-fuel operation were conducted to understand the effect of HHO gas in engines. The combustion characteristics of a CI engine, operating in dual-fuel mode with diesel and oxy-hydrogen gas, were predicted by a zero-dimensional two-zone model. A double Wiebe function was used to estimate the mass fraction burned (MFB) in the premixed and diffused stages of combustion. The estimated MFB was used to calculate the heat released. The equations were solved in MATLAB®, and Eulerian approach was used to solve the differential equations. The theoretical results of properties such as in-cylinder pressure, heat release rate and cumulative heat release were compared against the respective experimental values, which showed a good concurrence. Also, the average and zone-wise temperatures with respect to crank angle were determined and plotted. The good agreement between the theoretical and experimental values may be attributed to the use of different form factors in the premixed and diffused stages.

RETRACTED: Optimization of combustion, performance, and emission characteristics of a dual-fuel diesel engine powered with microalgae-based biodiesel/diesel blends and oxyhydrogen

Energy security concern and stringent emission legislations norms demand a clean and high fuel conversion efficiency engines. Diesel compression ignition (CI) engines are more preferred over the spark-ignition (SI) engines in commercial applications due to their higher fuel conversion efficiency. Present chapter focuses on the effect of butanol addition in the diesel fuel on the combustion and emissions characteristics of a diesel engine. Butanol has inimitable properties, which makes it more suitable candidate fuel for diesel engine in comparison to other alcohol fuels such as ethanol and methanol. Combustion characteristics of the engine are analyzed from heat release analysis of measured in-cylinder pressure data at different engine operating conditions. Combustion stability is also discussed with respect to diesel engine operation with butanol blends. Carbon monoxide (CO), unburned hydrocarbons (HC), and nitrogen oxides (NOx) emission characteristics of diesel engine using butanol blends are discussed in this chapter. Special emphasis is placed on the discussion of particulate emission (soot particle numbers) in diesel engine with butanol blends.

Study of production optimization and effect of hydroxyl gas on a CI engine performance and emission fueled with biodiesel blends

The improvements of a diesel engine fueled with renewable and sustainable diesel/n-butanol/polyoxymethylene dimethyl ethers blended fuels at high altitudes

Early Direct Injection Homogenous Charge Compression Ignition (HCCI) helps in the reduction of NOx and smoke emissions. However, this strategy gives out higher carbon monoxide and hydrocarbon emissions with less power and fuel economy. To address this issue, experiments were carried out to investigate the effect of addition of oxy-hydrogen (HHO) gas in compression ignition engine with injection advance. The fuel injection timing and pressure were set to 45 bTDC and 600 bar, respectively. The production of HHO gas was done by the electrochemical splitting of water by electricity, and it was added in the intake manifold with a variable flow rate. The combustion and emissions characteristics were measured with a change in load at a constant speed. The In-cylinder Peak Pressure and Net Heat Release Rate improved with HHO gas addition. The ignition delay periods were longer, and combustion duration was reduced. Carbon Monoxide, Oxides of Nitrogen, and smoke opacity were reduced with the higher flow rate of HHO gas. However, Hydrocarbon and Carbon Dioxide emissions increased with the higher flow rate of HHO gas.KeywordsOxy-hydrogen gasCompression ignition engineCombustionEmissionsEarly direct injection

Effects of Nanoparticles blended Biodiesel on Single Cylinder CI Engine

Evaluating combustion, performance and emission characteristics of diesel engine using karanja oil methyl ester biodiesel blends enriched with HHO gas

The significance of mileage to the fruitful operation of a trucking organization cannot be downplayed. Fuel is one of the biggest variable expenses in a trucking wander. An attempt is made in this research to improve the combustion efficiency of a diesel engine for better fuel economy by introducing hydroxy gas which is also called browns gas or HHO gas in the suction line, without compromising performance and emission. Brown's gas facilitates the air-fuel mixture to ignite faster and efficient combustion. By considering safety and handling issues in automobiles, HHO gas generation by electrolysis of water in the presence of sodium bicarbonate electrolytes (NaHCO3) and usage was explored in this research work over compressed pure hydrogen, due to generation and capacity of immaculate hydrogen as of now confines the application in diesel engine operation. Brown's gas was utilized as a supplementary fuel in a single-cylinder, four-stroke compression ignition (CI) engine. Experiments were carried out on a constant speed engine at 1500rpm, result shows at constant HHO flow rate of 0.73 liter per minute (LPM), brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) decreases by 7% at idle load to 16% at full load, and increases brake thermal efficiency (BTE) by 8.9% at minimum load to 19.7% at full load. In the dual fuel (diesel +HHO) operation, CO emissions decreases by 19.4, 64.3, and 34.6% at 25, 50, and 75% load, respectively, and unburned hydrocarbon (UHC) emissions decreased by 11.3% at minimum load to 33.5% at maximum load at the expense of NOx emission increases by 1.79% at 75% load and 1.76% at full load than neat diesel operation. The negative impact of an increase in NOx is reduced by adding EGR. It was evidenced in this experimental work that the use of Brown's gas with EGR in the dual fuel mode in a diesel engine improves the fuel efficiency, performance, and reduces the exhaust emissions.

The combustion and emission characteristics of a common-rail diesel engine fueled with diesel, propanol, and pentanol blends under low intake pressures

Diesel engines are one of the most preferred internal combustion (IC) engine for heavy-duty transport vehicles due to its higher torque characteristics and better thermal efficiency over gasoline engines. Despite of having advantages in terms of efficiency and durability, it contributes to emissions in the environment, primarily particulate matter (PM) and oxides of nitrogen (NOx). Diesel PM component is infamous for its possible carcinogenic nature. Diesel exhaust pollutants are responsible for the deterioration of air quality and harmful for human being. Formation of such air pollutants decreases significantly by blending the oxygenated fuels (such as biodiesels and alcohols) into conventional diesel. Ethanol-blended diesel fuel is a cleaner combustion choice for compression ignition (CI) engines which decreases the formation of harmful emissions in the combustion chamber. This chapter aims to review about the combustion and emission characteristics of ethanol–diesel blended fuels in CI engines. Studies show that increasing fraction of ethanol in diesel tends to reduce CO and HC emissions, while NOx emissions are reported slightly higher compare to baseline diesel. Higher ignition delay (ID) and lower combustion duration (CD) are the general characteristics for ethanol blends.

Experimental investigation on performance, combustion and emission characteristics of a single cylinder diesel engine fuelled by biodiesel derived from Cymbopogon Martinii

Experimental studies on the effect of TBC piston in a dual-fueled diesel engine

Investigation on the combustion and emission characteristics of diesel engine fueled with diesel/methanol/n-butanol blends

In this paper, biodiesel was used as an alternative fuel to investigate the combustion and emission characteristics of a four-stroke diesel engine, in terms of cylinder pressure, heat release rate, cylinder temperature, brake thermal efficiency, brake specific fuel consumption, nitrogen oxide, soot, carbon monoxide, and hydrocarbon. Firstly, a diesel engine cylinder model was developed by AVL-Fire software coupled with CHEMKIN code to simulate the injection and combustion of biodiesel with a kinetic mechanism with 106 species and 263 reactions. Then, the simulation model was validated by experimental results under 100% and 50% load conditions and used to simulate the combustion process of a diesel engine fueled with pure diesel, biodiesel, and biodiesel–diesel blends with 10%, 20%, 30% biodiesel by volume, respectively. The results showed that the brake specific fuel consumption increased with the increase of mixed biodiesel ratio. The brake specific fuel consumptions of B10, B20 and B30 increased by 1.1%, 2.3% and 3.3%, respectively, compared with that of D100. The combustion and emission characteristics of the diesel engine are improved. Therefore, biodiesel can be used as an alternative fuel for the diesel engine. The diesel–biodiesel fuel can improve the combustion and emission characteristics of the diesel engine.