Abstract
Hovenia dulcis, known as the oriental raisin tree, is used for food supplements and traditional medicine for the liver after alcohol-related symptoms. However, little information exists about the use of its leaves and branches. In this study, we established a method to use the leaves and branches to develop anti-hangover treatment and elucidated the underlying mechanisms. Oxidation-treated leaves (OL) exhibited high antioxidant content comparable to that of the peduncles and showed an anti-hangover effect in male mice. The branch extract (BE) was enriched in the flavonoid catechin, approximately five times more than OL extract. The mixture of OL and BE (OLB) was formulated in a 2:1 ratio with frozen-dried extract weight and was tested for anti-hangover effects and protective properties against binge alcohol-induced liver injury. OLB showed better anti-hangover effect than OL. In addition to this anti-hangover effect, OLB protected the liver from oxidative/nitrosative damage induced by binge alcohol intake.
Highlights
Alcoholic beverages have been enjoyed by many people for thousands of years all over the world
High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) grade water, acetic acid, methanol, and ethanol were from Fisher Scientific (Waltham, MA, USA)
The leaves and branches were harvested from October to November in 2021, and leaves were treated using our patented oxidation treatment protocol [18]
Summary
Alcoholic beverages have been enjoyed by many people for thousands of years all over the world. Alcohol-induced liver injury is one of the most common causes of liver diseases worldwide. Some natural products with antioxidant activity have attracted great attention as potential functional ingredients to protect alcohol-induced liver injury [1,2,3]. Extracts from Hovenia dulcis, the oriental raisin tree, have been used widely to relieve alcohol toxicity as substances for functional food and beverages before and after alcohol drinking from ancient to current times in East Asia [4,5]. Almost all leaves and branches are discarded. From the viewpoint of economics, it could be an attractive option to develop a way to use the leaves and branches because they are very inexpensive
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