Combined HRT-WB and mandala art therapy in university groups: A mixed-methods study

Depression, anxiety, and stress are among the most prevalent psychological disorders, especially in the case of people with physical disabilities who are confronted with specific conditions that increase their susceptibility. Such mental health conditions have negative effects on life satisfaction, an essential element of well-being, among people with physical disabilities. This study investigates how depression, anxiety, and stress lead to low life satisfaction among physically disabled individuals. This research was based on a predictive research design, using a sample of 88 physically disabled participants from Faisalabad, Pakistan, purposively selected for the study. Data were gathered using the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales-21 (DASS-21) and the Satisfaction With Life Scale (SWLS). The study aimed to predict the relationship between depression, anxiety, stress, and life satisfaction. The outcome determined a strong predictive relationship between depression, anxiety, stress, and life satisfaction for physically disabled participants. The results suggested that the elevated levels of depression (r = -0.138), anxiety (r = -0.202), and stress (r = -0.303) were negatively correlated with life satisfaction. Of the three, the strongest negative relationship was between stress and life satisfaction. This conclusion points out how mental health may play a fundamental role in defining the general wellbeing of this group. These findings underscore that specific mental health interventions and programs tailored to accommodate the unique circumstances of the disabled need to be put in place to enhance their subjective well-being or life satisfaction while promoting overall living. Future investigations should attempt such relations in different, larger-scale populations to check on these effects.

BackgroundAn optimal life satisfaction (LS) is considered an important long-term outcome after a traumatic brain injury (TBI). It is, however, not clear to what extent a single instrument captures all aspects of LS, and different instruments may be needed to comprehensively describe LS. The aim of this study was to compare self-ratings of life satisfaction after a TBI with two commonly used instruments.MethodsLife Satisfaction Questionnaire (LiSat-11), comprising eleven items and Satisfaction With Life Scale (SWLS), comprising five items, were administered to 67 individuals (51 men and 16 women). Secondary analysis of data collected as part of a survey of individuals with TBI 6 to 15 years post TBI.ResultsItem 1 in LiSat-11 (‘Life as a whole’) and the total SWLS score was strongly correlated (Spearman’s rho = 0.66; p < 0.001). The total score in SWLS had the strongest correlation with items in LiSat-11. All items in LiSat-11, except ‘Family life’ and ‘Partner relationship’, were moderately to strongly correlated with items in SWLS. The item ‘Partner relationship’ in LiSat-11 did not correlate with any of the items in SWLS or the total score. The item ‘If I could live my life over, I would change nothing’ in SWLS had the weakest correlations with items in LiSat-11. Items ‘Vocation’ and ‘Leisure’ in LISat-11 were most strongly correlated with items in SWLS, whereas the item ‘ADL’ in LiSat-11 was more weakly correlated with items in SWLS.ConclusionsThe strength of the relationships implies that the two instruments assess similar but not identical aspects of LS and therefore complement each other when it is rated.

Problematic eating behaviors and obesity are frequent problems encountered during adolescence that may potentially result in psychological, social and physical consequences that may interfere with adolescent development and well-being. The present study evaluates the relationship between satisfaction with food-related life and satisfaction with family life, and their relationship with life satisfaction in male and female adolescents. We explored the relationships between both subscales of the Revised Restraint Scale (RRS), Diet Concern (DC) and Weight Fluctuation (WF) and adolescent life satisfaction as well as satisfaction with food-related life and family life. We also explored the moderating role of socioeconomic status (SES). A questionnaire was applied to a non-probabilistic sample of 470 adolescents (mean age 13.2 years, 52.3% female) in Chile, including the RRS, Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS), Satisfaction with Food-related Life (SWL-Food) scale and Satisfaction with Family Life (SWL-Family) scale. Using structural equation modeling, we found that adolescent life satisfaction was related to satisfaction with family life and food-related life in both genders. In male adolescents, a negative relationship was identified between WF and food-related life satisfaction. In contrast, a negative relationship was identified in female adolescents between DC and food-related life satisfaction. DC and WF were not directly related to life satisfaction or to satisfaction with family life in either gender. SES was found to moderate the relationship between food-related life satisfaction and life satisfaction and the relationship between WF and food-related life satisfaction in female adolescents. These findings suggest that reducing DC in female adolescents and reducing WF in male adolescents and female adolescents from higher SES may improve their food-related life satisfaction.

Validity of the Life Satisfaction Questions, the Life Satisfaction Questionnaire, and the Satisfaction With Life Scale in Persons With Spinal Cord Injury

espanolThe study aimed to determine the type of relationships that could exist between work design, engagement, and life satisfaction. This research was carried out in Madrid, Spain, where a random sample of 305 people answered a survey. All those constructs were assessed with the following instruments: Work Design Questionnaire - WDQ-; Utrecht Work Engagement Scale - UWES - in its short version of 9 items; and Satisfaction with Life Scale - SWLS. The Structural Equation Model (SEM) is proposed in order to determine how work design, engagement and life satisfaction are related. Results from SEM showed that work design indirectly affects life satisfaction and also can serve as predictor of engagement. In other words, work design fully mediates the relationship between engagement and life satisfaction. EnglishThe study aimed to determine the type of relationships that could exist between work design, engagement, and life satisfaction. This research was carried out in Madrid, Spain, where a random sample of 305 people answered a survey. All those constructs were assessed with the following instruments: Work Design Questionnaire (WDQ); Utrecht Work Engagement Scale (UWES) in its short version of 9 items; and Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS). The Structural Equation Model (SEM) was decided on in order to determine how work design, engagement and life satisfaction are related. Results from SEM showed that work design indirectly affects life satisfaction and also can serve as a predictor of engagement. In other words, work design fully mediates the relationship between engagement and life satisfaction.

Satisfaction with life is a key concept for most individuals. The Satisfaction With Life Scale (SWLS) for measuring general life satisfaction has been widely analyzed in terms of cross-sectional associations. However, the knowledge about long-term changes in life satisfaction and the associations between such changes and changes in other variables of physical and mental health is limited. A community-based representative sample of the general population has been examined twice with a time interval of six years (n = 4,999), using the SWLS and several other scales. Over the six years, the mean SWLS score of the total sample remained nearly unchanged (M = 27.0, SD = 5.2, both at t1 and at t2). The test-retest correlation was rtt = 0.66 for the total sample, and there were only marginal differences in temporal stability between male and female respondents. Changes in the SWLS over the six years were correlated with changes in optimism (r = 0.23), mental health (r = 0.26), social functioning (r = 0.22), perceived social support (r = 0.21), anxiety (r = -0.30), and physical complaints (r = -0.18). These change score correlations were lower than the corresponding coefficients under the cross-sectional perspective. Measurement invariance across sex, age, and time was established. The SWLS proved to be an appropriate tool for assessing changes in life satisfaction, and correlations between change scores of life satisfaction and health-related variables complement the knowledge about these associations from a cross-sectional perspective.

Introduction: Acute myocardial infarction (MI) is one of the leading causes of death in the developed world. The purpose of the present research was to examine the effect of optimism training on reducing emotional problems and increasing satisfaction with life (SWL) in patients with MI.Methods: This research was a quasi-experimental one with the plan of the pre-test post-test control group. The statistical population included all patients with MI 40-65 years old who were treated in Kasra hospital in Karaj in 2019. The sample was 90 patients with MI assigned to the two groups experimental and control group randomly. Data were collected using the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales-21 (DASS-21) and the satisfaction with life scale (SWLS). The data were analyzed using the methods of Univariate and multivariate analysis of covariance.Results: The result showed that optimism training significantly decreases emotional problems and increases life satisfaction in the experimental group (P<0.01).Discussion: This finding has important implications as regards the education and mental health of patients with MI. Based on the results, it is necessary to pay more attention to two variables emotional problems and SWL in the design of interventions to reduce the psychological problems of patients with MI.

Anecdotal evidence and media reports suggest that actors and other performing artists experience high levels of depression, anxiety, and stress. However, no empirical study has examined the psychological well-being of this professional group. The Australian Actors' Wellbeing Study (AWS) was conducted to examine the general wellbeing of Australian actors and performing artists. The present paper, reporting on data from the AWS, focuses on two aspects of respondents' psychological well-being: life satisfaction and the experience of negative affect. An online survey including several questionnaires was distributed to the Equity Foundation membership representing Australian actors. We report results from the Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS) and the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS) and examine their associations with respondents' sociodemographic and occupational background, including their relationship status and any relationship stress, income from performing, and time taken away from performing. A sample of 782 Australian actors responded to the survey, with 582 participants completing the DASS and 568 the SWLS. Participants reported lower levels of life satisfaction and higher levels of depression, anxiety, and stress than found in the Australian general population. Being in a relationship was associated with better psychological well-being; however, work stress often impacted negatively on relationships. Income had little association with psychological well-being, unless the respondent felt under financial stress. Respondents who took extended periods of time away from performing reported less life satisfaction and more depression than others. Australian actors may be at a high risk for poor psychological health. Further research is necessary to establish causality among the variables we examined and to investigate protective factors that may increase well-being in the context of the performing arts industry.

The ultimate goal of yoga is to achieve peace by providing unity in mind and spirit. Therefore, it offers important opportunities to improve stress management and quality of life. This quasi-experimental study with pretest-posttest control group design aims to examine the effects of eight weeks of Hatha yoga on stress, life satisfaction and quality of life in nursing students. A total of 40 nursing students, including 22 in the experimental group and 18 in the control group, participated in the study. The data were collected using a descriptive information form, the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS-21), the Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS), and the 12-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-12). Fisher's exact test was used to compare the descriptive characteristics of those in the experimental and control groups, and the Wilcoxon signed-rank test to compare the pre- and post-test results. After Hatha yoga, the stress scores of nursing students in the experimental group decreased significantly (p=0.001), and their life satisfaction scores (p=0.006), physical dimension of quality-of-life scores (p=0.014), and mental dimension of quality-of-life scores (p=0.012) increased significantly. However, there was no significant difference for those in the control group during the same period (p&amp;gt;0.050). These results suggest that Hatha yoga is an effective method to improve stress management, life satisfaction and quality of life among nursing students. It is recommended to conduct further studies with larger samples, including follow-up measurements.

The Satisfaction With Life Scale (SWLS) is a widely used self-report measure of subjective well-being, but studies of its measurement invariance across a large number of nations remain limited. Here, we utilised the Body Image in Nature (BINS) dataset-with data collected between 2020 and 2022 -to assess measurement invariance of the SWLS across 65 nations, 40 languages, gender identities, and age groups (N = 56,968). All participants completed the SWLS under largely uniform conditions. Multi-group confirmatory factor analysis indicated that configural and metric invariance was upheld across all nations, languages, gender identities, and age groups, suggesting that the unidimensional SWLS model has universal applicability. Full scalar invariance was achieved across gender identities and age groups. Based on alignment optimisation methods, partial scalar invariance was achieved across all but three national groups and across all languages represented in the BINS. There were large differences in latent SWLS means across nations and languages, but negligible-to-small differences across gender identities and age groups. Across nations, greater life satisfaction was significantly associated with greater financial security and being in a committed relationship or married. The results of this study suggest that the SWLS largely assesses a common unidimensional construct of life satisfaction irrespective of respondent characteristics (i.e., national group, gender identities, and age group) or survey presentation (i.e., survey language). This has important implications for the assessment of life satisfaction across nations and provides information that will be useful for practitioners aiming to promote subjective well-being internationally.

Student well-being has gradually become a topic of interest in higher education, and the accurate, valid, and reliable measure of well-being constructs is crucial in the South African context. This study examined item bias and configural, metric and scalar invariance of the Satisfaction With Life Scale (SWLS) for South African first-year university students. A cross-sectional design was used. A sample of 780 first-year South African university students was included. Confirmatory factor analysis, differential item functioning (DIF) measurement invariance, and internal consistency were tested. A one-factor structure was confirmed. Item 1 of the SWLS was particularly problematic concerning bias (uniform and non-uniform bias). Measurement invariance was established; however, Item 1 was again problematic, resulting in only partial metric and scalar invariance. The scale was reliable (α ≥ 0.70). This study contributes to the limited research on the specific psychometric properties of the SWLS in a diverse Higher Education setting. The results could assist with valid and reliable measurement when developing interventions to enhance student well-being.

The aim of this research was to examine the validity of a single-item life satisfaction scale by comparing it with the Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS). Three studies were conducted on a total of six samples of Serbian undergraduate students, adults, and elderly (total N = 2822). We examined: 1) correlations between a single-item measure of life satisfaction and the SWLS; 2) convergent and criterion-related validity of the two measures; 3) age and gender differences in life satisfaction as measured with the two measures; 4) test-retest reliability of the two measures. The SWLS and the single-item measure were strongly correlated across six samples (mean r = .70). The validity of the two scales was supported, and they generally yielded similar correlations with other constructs. The 10-month test-retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient) was .56 for the SWLS, and .43 for the single-item scale. No consistent gender differences were observed in life satisfaction as measured by both scales among students and adults, but men reported substantially higher life satisfaction than women on SWLS among the elderly. We found that age differences in life satisfaction can depend on the scale used. The present findings support the use of single-item scales of life satisfaction, but also highlight a need for more research beyond validity and reliability of single-item life satisfaction measures.

ObjectivesThis study aimed to investigate sleep patterns in adolescent males over a 12-week period (a 10-week school term and pre and post term holidays). DesignIntensive longitudinal design, with sleep data collected daily via actigraphy for 81 consecutive days. SettingFive Secondary Schools in Adelaide, South Australia. ParticipantsConvenience sample of 47 adolescent males aged 14 to 17 years. MeasurementsDaily sleep duration, bedtimes, rise times, and sleep efficiency were collected via actigraphy with all (except sleep efficiency) also measured by sleep diary. Mood was measured weekly with Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21) and weekly wellbeing with the Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS). Age, body mass index, self-reported mood, life satisfaction, and chronotype preference assessed at baseline (pre-term holiday week) were included as covariates. ResultsDynamic Structural Equation Modeling indicated significant but small fixed-effect and random-effect auto-regressions for all sleep variables. Collectively, these findings demonstrate day-to-day fluctuations in sleep patterns, the magnitude of which varied between individuals. Age, morningness, and mood predicted some of the temporal dynamics in sleep over time but other factors (BMI, life satisfaction) were not associated with sleep dynamics. ConclusionsUsing intensive longitudinal data, this study demonstrated inter-individual and intra-individual variation in sleep patterns over 81 consecutive days. These findings provide important and novel insights into the nature of adolescent sleep and require further examination in future studies.

Optimism, cultural adaptation, and mental health are distinct but associated concepts. An optimistic personality assists in maintaining mental health, and people with optimistic personality traits have better health than those with pessimistic personality traits. It has also been argued that (home or host) cultural factors influence the ability to adapt to individual social contexts and that interactions with individuals from different cultural backgrounds can help reduce social difficulties. Culture has a very important influence on the mental health of Tibetan college students, like other college students. This study aimed to investigate the initial mechanism of the potential influence of optimism on individuals’ mental health and cultural adaptability to/integration with mainstream culture. A total of 1027 Tibetan college students from four universities in western China were recruited for the study. The tools used included an instrument developed by the authors and used for the first time here to assess optimism, as well as the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS-21), Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS), and Positive Affect Scale (PAS). Optimism influenced mental health in the present study. The results were as follows: (1) cultural adaptability played a moderating role in the relationship between self-efficacy optimism and depression (β = 0.193, p < 0.01); (2) the moderating role of cultural adaptability in the relationship between optimism and positive emotions was not clear (p > 0.05); and (3) cultural adaptability moderated the relationship between self-efficacy optimism and life satisfaction (β = 0.286, p < 0.01). Thus, optimism and mental health are closely related, and cultural adaptability significantly affects the effect of self-efficacy in regulating depression and life satisfaction among Tibetan college students in China.

This study evaluates a hypothesized model describing the cognitive and emotional processes of childhood abuse and its influence on life satisfaction and explores the moderating effect of emotional expressivity in Korean young adults. The mediating roles of early maladaptive schema and state anxiety are explored, and the level of life satisfaction is compared according to the emotional expressivity level. A total of 550 young adults completed self-reported questionnaires, including Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ-SF), Young Schema Questionnaire (YSQ-SF), State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI-Y), Satisfaction With Life Scale (SWLS), and Emotional Expressivity Scale (EES). The mediating roles of early maladaptive schema and state anxiety between childhood abuse and life satisfaction are confirmed. In the low emotional expressivity group, the double-mediation effect of early maladaptive schema and state anxiety is confirmed, whereas for the high emotional expressivity group, the mediating roles of each early maladaptive schema and state anxiety are confirmed, as well as the double-mediation effect. Moreover, the high emotional expressivity group showed higher life satisfaction. The study results imply that even though expressing emotions does not result in immediate mood elevation, but eventually leads to higher life satisfaction. The implications, limitations, and suggestions are discussed.