Abstract
The article presents the results of a combined theoretical and experimental investigation of the state of stress of a tensioned plate with pits in the form of spherical or ellipsoidal segments. The experiments were carried out by the method of bulk photoelasticity with the use of freezing. For the numerical solution of the problem the finite element method in volumetric statement with elements in the form of tetrahedra was used. An algorithm was worked out for the automatic optimal division of the region into elements ensuring high accuracy with economy of computer time. The results of the calculations are in good agreement with the experimental data. On the basis of the numerical results and with the aid of methods of planning experiments we devised interpolation dependences of the stress concentration factors on the parameters of thinning. It is shown that when, in eliminating defects on the surface of parts, the pits are given a certain shape, it is sometimes possible to reduced considerably the stress concentration factors.
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