Abstract
The aim of our study was to assess the combined impact of UVR (280–400 nm) and temperature on the first larval stage (Zoea I) of three crab species from the Patagonian coast: Cyrtograpsus altimanus, C. angulatus, and Leucippa pentagona. We determined the survival response of newly hatched Zoea I after being exposed for 8–10 h under a solar simulator (Hönle SOL 1200) at 15 and 20 °C. There was no mortality due to Photosynthetic Active Radiation (PAR, 400–700 nm) or ultraviolet-A radiation (UV-A, 315–400 nm), and all the observed mortality was due to ultraviolet-B radiation (UV-B, 280–315 nm). The data of larval mortality relative to exposure time was best fit using a sigmoid curve. Based on this curve, a threshold (Th) and the lethal dose for 50% mortality (LD50) were determined for each species. Based on the Th and LD50, C. altimanus was found to be the most resistant species, while L. pentagona was found to be the most sensitive to UV-B. For both species of Cyrtograpsus, mortality was significantly lower at 20 °C than at 15 °C; however, no significant differences between the two temperature treatments were found in L. pentagona. Bioaccumulation of UV-absorbing compounds in the gonads and larvae of C. altimanus, and to a lesser extent in C. angulatus, might have contributed for counteracting the impact of UV-B. However, most of the resilience to UV-B observed with the increase in temperature might be due to an increase in metabolic activity caused by a repair mechanism mediated by enzymes.
Highlights
Climate change, due to anthropogenic activities, has two main outcomes i.e., the increase of ultraviolet radiation (UVR, 280–400 nm), especially of UV-B (280–315 nm), due to ozone depletion, and the increase in temperature due to the release of greenhouse gases
General responses of crab larvae to radiation and temperature
We will only present the results for all crab larvae that received full radiation under the different irradiance/temperature conditions (Figure 1)
Summary
Due to anthropogenic activities, has two main outcomes i.e., the increase of ultraviolet radiation (UVR, 280–400 nm), especially of UV-B (280–315 nm), due to ozone depletion, and the increase in temperature due to the release of greenhouse gases. Both have important consequences for organisms and ecosystems [1,2]. UV-A radiation (315–400 nm) has been found to be both beneficial by participating in photosynthesis and repair processes, as well as detrimental, by inducing reactive oxygen species [6,7,8] and by adversely affecting the performance of photosystem II [9,10]. Studies carried out with Asplanchna girodi [12]
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