Abstract
We study the (2 + 1)-dimensional coupled nonlinear Schrödinger equation with variable coefficients in a graded-index waveguide, and present a combined Akhmediev breather and Kuznetsov–Ma soliton solution with nonautonomous characteristics for certain functional relations. From this solution, by modulating the relation between the maximum effective propagation distance Zmax and the periodic locations Zm based on the maximum amplitude of soliton solution, different types of controllable excitation behaviors such as limitation excitation, maintenance and postponement are demonstrated.
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