Abstract
Cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide. Cervical cancer caused by human papillomavirus (HPV) is a major health problem in women. DNA vaccines are a perfect approach to immunization, but their potency in clinical trials has been insufficient for generating effective immunity, which may be related to the degradation of the DNA via nucleases, poor delivery to antigen-presenting cells (APCs), and insufficient uptake of DNA plasmids by cells upon injection. Archaeosome is a nano-delivery systems based on liposomes with their immunological role have been developed for gene delivery. In this study, human papillomavirus type 16 genes, containing truncated L1, E6, and E7, were simultaneously used in combination therapy with archaeosome and assessed in vivo. Findings supported that archaeosomes promotes immune responses to DNA vaccines and a long-term CTL response was generated with a low antigen dose. Combination therapy with archaeosome/L1/E6/E7 vaccines exhibited a strong cytolytic activity against tumor cells and induced prophylactic and therapeutic effect against the development of tumor in the animal model.
Highlights
Cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide
More than four decades have elapsed since the preliminary hypothesis concerning the possible role of human papillomavirus (HPV) as etiological agent of human cancers was suggested
Future strategies to combat HPV may rely on therapeutic vaccines, oncolytic virotherapy, immunotherapies as well as antivirals, natural derivatives/herbs, and therapies based on RNA interference, which are being thoroughly utilized and can interfere with several stages of the viral life cycle
Summary
Cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide. Cervical cancer caused by human papillomavirus (HPV) is a major health problem in women. Numerous therapies are accessible for the management of HPV-related diseases, including surgery, cryotherapy and trichloroacetic acid These strategies are effective, but cannot necessarily eradicate HPV infection as they are applicable for removing only the visible lesions[3]. Future strategies to combat HPV may rely on therapeutic vaccines, oncolytic virotherapy, immunotherapies as well as antivirals, natural derivatives/herbs, and therapies based on RNA interference, which are being thoroughly utilized and can interfere with several stages of the viral life cycle. Several of these therapeutic agents are in advanced stages of clinical assessment[5]. DNA vaccines administration in humans has already been demonstrated to be safe and well-tolerated[8]
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