Abstract
The incretin hormone glucagon-like peptide-1 agonists and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors fill an unaddressed therapeutic gap in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) by potentiating insulin secretion in pancreatic beta cells, suppressing glucagon secretion, delaying gastric emptying, and reducing appetite. The incretin therapies, alone or in combination with metformin and/or thiazolidinediones, yield improved glycemic control without risk of hypoglycemia and the potential for weight neutrality or even weight loss. New incretin-based approaches offer promising new strategies for treating T2DM by recruiting new, physiologically based mechanisms of action for glucoregulation in the context of a favorable safety profile.
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