Abstract
As a modern power infrastructure, smart grids have great advantages over traditional power grids, but their effective operation is largely restricted by information security. Hence, a smart grid information security risk assessment (ISRA) method is proposed. This method combines D numbers to improve the classical analytic hierarchy process (D-AHP) independent of experts’ subjective qualitative assessment and then integrated with grey theory which does not require complete and unambiguous information. First, we establish a smart grid ISRA system according to the characteristics and development reality of smart grid technology. The proposed system includes 5 first-level indexes as an intelligent terminal, a wireless communication channel, password security, application code and embedded system, and corresponding 13 secondary indexes. Second, a D-AHP method aimed at the uncertainty of human subjective judgment and fuzziness of language assessment is used to obtain the weight of each index. The D-AHP method is then combined with the grey assessment matrix solved by grey theory, to obtain the comprehensive assessment value and corresponding risk grade. With a smart grid demonstration project in Suzhou, China, as an example, an empirical study is carried out using expert scoring. The comprehensive assessment risk value is 3.8199, and the corresponding risk level is moderate. The results of this work could serve as a reference for the information security protection of smart grids.
Highlights
Smart grids are regarded as advanced grids and as an advanced modern power infrastructure, which occupies an important strategic position in national transmission and distribution systems [1]. e National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) describes a smart grid as the integration of the traditional grid in the last century and the development of information and communication technology in this century [2]
Because the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) relies on expert scoring, subjective uncertainty leads to the judgment matrix not satisfying the consistency test. e research in [5, 6] contends that grey theory can compensate for missing parameters and extract valuable information, it does not consider the uncertainty of the assessment values of parameters in the assessment process
Erefore, this study aims to further improve the accuracy of smart grid information security risk assessment (ISRA) by combining the D-AHP method with grey theory. e risk assessment value obtained with this combined model is intuitive and could serve as a scientific reference for avoiding the information security risk of smart grids
Summary
In [12], the AHP-TOPSIS method extended with Pythagorean fuzzy sets is proposed and applied to information security risk analysis This method relies too much on expert experience and fails to consider the influence between risk parameters. The current work proposes a method to improve the information security risk of smart grids by combining D-AHP and grey theory. Erefore, this study aims to further improve the accuracy of smart grid ISRA by combining the D-AHP method with grey theory. Is paper is organized as follows: Section 2 constructs the smart grid information security risk index system, Section 3 presents the model that combines D-AHP and grey theory, Section 4 reports a case study, and Section 5 concludes the paper
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