Abstract
Corruption is a strong constraint for economic growth and development for emerging democratic countries. Corruption has commonly deeply entrenched, while political structures usually are very complicated, making the government less capable to deal with the problem. This stipulates civil society to stand up organizing anti-corruption movement. This paper attempts to describe how civil society organizations (CSOs) in South Korea and Indonesia play an important role in combating corruption during democratic transition. Apart from being successful in stimulating public awareness regarding the problem, the CSOs also fruitfully initiated a number of strategic policies led to the enactment of institutional and legal frameworks. They are also able to hold state officials accountable and brought the corrupt ones to justice. Their works have improved accountability in the governmental system. Although generally, CSOs in both countries share some similarities, there are some differences on the way they organize the movement. CSOs in Korea generally have stronger membership ties than their counterparts in Indonesia.
Highlights
Despite having different finding regarding its effects, academic literature generally agree that corruption is a strong constraint for economic growth and development [22, 27]
General investigation found that corrupt practices in management of public resources reduces the government’s ability to provide sound public services, including investment, health, educational and social welfare, which are important for the achievement of economic development [1, 10, 22]
In South Korea, we interviewed the leaders and activists of Citizens' Coalition for Economic Justice (CCEJ), as well as the People's Solidarity for Participatory Democracy (PSPD)
Summary
Despite having different finding regarding its effects, academic literature generally agree that corruption is a strong constraint for economic growth and development [22, 27]. Similar to other democratic transition countries, during the last decades, both the people of South Korea and Indonesia have struggled to address the problem of corruption that has been severe in their governance structures. Following the collapse of the respective military government, in the attempt to eradicate corruption, the people of South Korea and Indonesia, formed hundreds of anti-corruption organization, trying to inflame anti-corruption sentiments through various means and networks. Civil society organizations (CSOs) played an important role in uncovering and taking corruption issues into the public domain and made a number of impressive achievements. They have been successful in bringing corrupt state officials to court, which has resulted in a prison sentence. The role of CSOs is only part of the overall strategy to eradicate corruption, the insight regarding CSOs’ contribution is important in identifying the points that may stimulate effectiveness in dealing with corruption
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