Abstract
The electrification of vehicles flying in the atmosphere and their models in supersonic gas flows is considered as an important fundamental and applied problem. It is established that one of the main causes of this phenomenon is the collision of condensed-phase particles with a solid surface. Despite many years of investigations, the mechanisms of electrification have not yet been clarified. This is due to the fact that all laboratory and in-situ investigations were carried out using macrodrops of water. There were no laboratory studies of electrification using a supersonic jet as a source of condensed water. It was assumed that only macroparticles of water contribute to the electrification. The effect of electrification during breakdown of water microparticles ((H2O) n clusters with n ~ 100 molecules) was discovered in 1986 in experiments with gas-dynamic (nozzle) molecular beams [1, 2]. It was found that the collision of an (H2O)n cluster with a target yields positive and negative ions in the scattered flow. Results obtained in [3 - 5] have drawn attention to the problem of electrification in laboratory gas jets and in the atmosphere, as well as to the problem of generating atmospheric electricity in water cluster collisions.
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