Collective Memory and Digital Practices of Remembrance

The usage of digital information and communication technologies in European healthcare is growing. Unlike numerous technological possibilities, the present use of these technologies and perspectives towards them in relation to otolaryngology care have so far been of less interest. This study evaluates the utilisation of and attitudes towards digital information and communication technologies in cross-sectoral otolaryngology care among German patients. A structured interview-based study was conducted at the outpatient facility of a tertiary hospital in Germany. It focused on chief complaints, current use of digital technologies, estimated benefits of increased digital technology use in otolaryngology care, and sociodemographic data. The detailed statistical analysis employed Chi-squared tests and multivariate logistic regression. A total of 208 otolaryngology patients completed the interview. Digital communication technologies exhibited a high penetration rate (91.8%) and were regularly used in daily life (78.7%) and for health reasons (73.3%). Younger age (p ≤ 0.003) and higher education levels (p ≤ 0.008) were significantly correlated with the increased digital communication technology use. The overall potential of eHealth technologies was rated significantly higher by younger patients (p ≤ 0.001). The patients' chief complaints showed no significant influence on the current and potential use of these technologies for cross-sectoral otolaryngology care. Regardless of their chief complaints, German otolaryngology patients regularly use digital information and communication technologies for health reasons and express interest in their further use for cross-sectoral care. To enhance digital patient communication in otolaryngology, attention should be given to treatment quality, usability, data security and availability and financial remuneration for service providers.

Memory-Work

The idea of “collective memory” has attracted substantial attention since Maurice Halbwachs’ path-breaking work in the 1920s. Recently we have started to notice references, at an increasing pace, to a global(ised) version of collective memory. This essay argues that “global collective memory”, especially in light of Halbwachs’ original understanding, is not a particularly strong or promising concept. First, the essay discusses three kinds of memory, namely individual, organisational, and institutional, and juxtaposes them with the idea of collective memory. Then it turns more specifically to a discussion of the global scale, and suggests that the intricate connections between these different types acquire a new degree of complexity when transposed to the global level due to the questions of politics and identity. The essay suggests further that a global memory, conceptualised with reference to its institutional rather than collective characteristics, may well be in the making.

The author analyzes memory as a constituting factor of individual and collective identities. Current threats to individual and collective memories is investigated in the context of new information and communication technologies. It is shown that the extension of the part of memory (mobile telephone, Internet) can be used for controlling human behavior and interfering in the content of individual me­mory. The interference in collective memory is made both with destruction of its storages (monuments, museums, texts, arts, "memory places" etc.) and changing its sense. The change of individual and collective memory means the change of individual and collective identities. The author studies relations between dif­ferent collective memories, as well as the relation between collective memory as an experienced tradition and historical knowledge (historical memory) as a result of the works of professional historians, trying to get objective knowledge about the past. It is shown that the work of an historian is influenced by values and ideo­logies which results in different understanding of the same events by different scholars. It is shown how this problem can be solved. The thesis about urgency of dialogues between an individual and collective memories, between different collective memories, between collective and historical memories, between dif­ferent historical memories is defended. The experience of the past determines the future. The memory conflicts lead to collision between people, countries, cultures

Personal memories as expressed through narrations, photos or drawings, published or confined texts, often describe events that have occurred in cities, in time these personal memories are melded into a collective memory attached to the physical space. Collective memory is closely related to location, refers to a time period and reflects the social interactions of people who share it. All these parameters of context, location, time and social interactions, which affect the way collective memory is formed, are parameters of context that modern context-aware systems can exploit, therefore context-aware computing can fundamentally change how people interact with collective memory. This paper presents a context-aware system that allows people to form and interact with collective city memory through a ubiquitous environment, called CLIO, CLIO is based on a reasoning and inference process that exploits both context and rules on it.

This study aims to analyze the relationship between technology and politics, focusing on the influence of digital communication techniques on political participation. In the digital era, information and communication technology has changed the political landscape significantly. This study uses qualitative and quantitative approaches to gain a comprehensive understanding of the impact of technology on people's political participation. The methods used in this research are interviews with respondents who are involved in political activities and a survey of a representative population. The collected qualitative and quantitative data will be analyzed using content analysis techniques and descriptive statistics. This research also involves case studies to illustrate how digital communication technologies have affected political participation at individual and collective levels. The results of this study are expected to provide a better understanding of how digital communication technology influences people's political participation. In addition, this research is also expected to provide insights on changes in political and communication power structures as a result of the adoption of new technologies. In the ever-evolving digital era, information and communication technology has changed the way we interact, including in the political context. Developments in digital communication technology, such as the internet, social media, and instant messaging applications, have provided easier and faster access to political information and facilitated more active political participation. Therefore, it is important to understand the relationship between technology and politics and its impact on people's political participation. In this context, an analysis of the influence of digital communication techniques on political participation is relevant. Digital communication techniques, such as the use of social media to share political information, participate in online political discussions, and engage in political campaigns through digital platforms, can provide new opportunities for individuals and groups to participate in political activities. However, the effects of using communication technology digital impact on political participation is not always positive.
 Keywords: technology, politics, communication

The article presents the results of theoretical analysis of the “collective memory” constructs as a repository of collective experience of a large group, represented in the meanings, symbols, images, cultural patterns, means, mechanisms of reproduction and translation of the past, and the “family memory” constructs as its kind in the context of a small group. We believe, that collective and family memory act as specific ontological support that allows actors to establish order and harmony in the society, understand the principles of its life organization, construct social and cultural identity, determine the existential meaning, trajectory and strategy of a person’s life, preserve the configuration of key values and transmit them to the next generations. The purpose of the study is to determine the specific features of collective and family memory as phenomena arising from the interaction of I and the Other/Others. The main research method is the theoretical self-reflection of collective and family memory in the context of the interaction of I and the Other. We assert that collective memory is a generalized and controlled memory of Others, whose dominant function is the preservation of the integrity and security of a large group, while family memory is a communicative memory based on the effect of sympathy and participation of the lived, experienced and spoken experience of a Significant Other – a small group representative. The applied aspect of the problem under study is to use the results of the theoretical self-reflection in developing the basics of the memory policy and commemorative practices, managing the past and resolving memory conflicts within the framework of the Great History discourse, and also forming meta-settings of family system members in relation to their own real and effective family history.

This thesis explores the relationship between narrative and memory in Kazuo Ishiguro’s third-person novel, The Buried Giant (2015). The novel portrays the narratives of different characters, telling the story of memory from various angles. Piecing together these narratives, readers can detect a shared memory of these characters. Even though the novel is written in a style different from Ishiguro’s previous ones, the theme of memory is retained. Not only does Ishiguro illustrate how one remembers and forgets one’s past, but he demonstrates how a nation remembers and forgets its history. This thesis takes Suzanne Nalbantian’s research on the presentation of memory in literature to look into the narrative of memory in The Buried Giant. The first chapter focuses on Ishiguro’s narrative style. With a discussion on narrative unreliability, this chapter investigates how personal memory can be traced in each character’s narrative. These characters’ narratives, though fragmentary, reveal that they have a culpable past. The second chapter analyzes narratives regarding the historical setting, the literary traditions, and fantastic elements to see how Ishiguro creates a world where the collective memory is forgotten. This thesis concludes that the narrative of memory in the novel should not be read as flat-footed accounts of events. Personal and collective memory are not at polarity. Through Ishiguro’s narrative style, personal and collective memory are intertwined. The novel demonstrates memory of individuals, and on the other hand, it calls the attention to the collective memory of a nation. The Buried Giant tells a story of memory that is as mesmerizing as Ishiguro’s previous works.

Our daily lives have become so immersed in digital Information and Communications Technology that we rarely stop to think about it. We know much about the benefits brought by its recent developments, including the Internet with its numerous applications. At the same time, there is increasing concern that the economic emphasis linked to these technologies will widen the digital divide, potentially sharpening social inequalities in a global scale. However, it has come ever more clear that it is not technology as such that is the cause of the social problems with digital communications technology but the ways how it has been applied, reflecting unequal power relations in our societies. There are a number of disturbing questions concerning the long-term effects of the social and cultural deployment of Information and Communications Technology. Some of the questions we address in this article here are the following: Can digital Information and Communications Technology still be regulated nationally? How do we measure the effects of Information and Communications Technology on academic work? How should we think critically about big data? Has digital Information and Communications Technology improved our lives?

Authorship and individualization in the digital public sphere

Those who are alive receive a mandate from those who are silent forever. They can fulfill their duties only by trying to reconstruct precisely things as they were, and by wresting the past from fictions and legends. – Czeslaw Milosz WITNESSING IN THE CONTEMPORARY WORLD The previous chapters have explored a number of conceptual and normative issues related to individual and collective memory, including: the nature of and differences between these two types of memory; the reciprocal relationship between individual and collective memory, on the one hand, and individual and collective identity, on the other; the virtues associated with taking responsibility for one's personal past; the role of collective memory in repairing historical injustice; the relationship between history and collective memory; and the ethical and moral obligations of remembrance, collective remembrance as well as personal remembrance of the dear departed. Although collective memory is not reducible to the aggregate of individual memories, I have claimed that collective memory and individual memory do not exist in completely separate domains. On the contrary, each inevitably contributes to and is intertwined with the other. The collective memory of a group is incorporated, explicitly or implicitly, into the individual memories of its members, at the same time that they put the stamp of their personal memories on the memories they share. There are also analogies with respect to some of these issues between individual and collective memory, as was clear from my discussion of taking responsibility for one's personal past in Chapter 2 and collectively doing justice to the past in Chapter 3.

In general, memory is perceived as the mental faculty that permits individuals to acquire, retain and retrieve knowledge related to their own personal experiences and forms an important part of individuals’ identities. The concept of collective memory involves the assumption that both groups and societies have memories (Halbwachs, 1950/1968) and subsequently, that the collective memory of a society (for example, represented by museums and memorials) forms an important part of a society’s culture. A relation is assumed between collective and individual or personal memory by which individuals’ memories of events may conflict with the larger society’s representations of the same events, and by which different subgroups within a diverse society may represent or remember common experiences differently. The purpose of the present study is to discuss the relationship between collective and personal memory and attitudes towards others on the basis of studies conducted with Dutch children and adolescents.KeywordsAutobiographical MemoryEducational ProcessFactual KnowledgeCollective MemoryDutch ChildThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.

Collective memory has been central to the creation of community throughout history. Nevertheless, the structure and content of memory narratives have changed significantly from premodern, modern, and into the global era. This article builds on scholarship in cultural globalization and collective memory studies to describe global memory. Beginning with a review of theories of collective memory, especially as it develops in oral (premodern) and literary/print (modern) societies, the article then describes features of globalization and the way that these shape the emergence of global memory. Global memory grows out of the interconnectedness facilitated by electronic media and expresses consciousness of a common humanity. Furthermore, global memory responds to dilemmas and problems of globalization including global risk and the threat of intercultural conflict. This account of global memory is illustrated with a description and analysis of the United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization’s Memory of the World program.

Purpose: This study looked at the cognitive response of Indonesian society (i.e. people using digital media) to narratives constructed by digital media. Theoretical framework: It is necessary to establish an argumentative relationship of "communication" between digital media and society, since the narratives constructed by digital media are particular interests. Method: This study used a qualitative approach, conducting a sociological analysis of narratives in the community of digital mass media users, especially mass resources for convergence (kompas.com, tempo.co and tribunnews.com). The technique of triangulation of technical sources and theories to demonstrate the validity of narrative data of people using digital media. Results and Conclusions: The digital society can create and create imaginary spaces based on its law and culture. Therefore, a word of "communication" between the two is needed to come to terms with rational language. This relationship is a communication society based on the value of emancipatory critical rationality to achieve "consensus". Therefore, the problem posed in this study is: "how is the cognitive response and shape of the digital society in Indonesia, within the age of digital media?". Research Implications: Knowing the digital narrative of the media is solid and changes its passive role to be "interactive" (in itself as a subject) with the media. Right now, the community doesn't have much resilience. Originality/value: Meanwhile, the relationship between digital society and communication technology has three options, namely, first, digital society positions itself as technology; second, humanize technology as itself; and third, dialectically compromising the potential of humanity and technology.

The role of art in the formation of identity and collective memory in the digital era is becoming an increasingly relevant topic along with the rapid advancement of technology and digital media. In this context, art is not only a medium for individual expression, but also an important means of forming a collective memory that connects people in a community or nation. With the emergence of digital platforms, art has the potential to change the way people build, communicate, and maintain their identities. This journal examines how art, whether in the form of visuals, music, or other art forms, influences the formation of social identity and collective memory in the digital era, through the approach of communication theory and cultural studies. As part of this study, using the Systematic Literature Review (SLR) method, this journal focuses on analyzing various literatures that discuss the relationship between art, identity, and collective memory in the digital context. This study also looks at how social media, digital art platforms, and other multimedia technologies play a role in strengthening or redefining people's collective memory and identity. The results of this study indicate that digital art plays an important role in mediating the process of identity formation, both at the personal and collective levels, and influences the way the digital generation remembers and responds to their history and culture.