COLLABORATIVE NETWORKS, HISTORICAL-CONCEPTUAL REVIEW AND THE “WE” TEACHERS IN BRAZIL’S STRICT SENSU

The aim of this study is to examine how scientific collaborative features influence scientific collaboration networks and then affect scientific output. In order to explore the influence of scientific collaboration, we define three collaborative features: inertia, diversity and strength. The data are collected from Scopus and the Web of Science databases. Using technique for order preference by similarity to an ideal solution method, we firstly combine h-index, impact factor and SCImago journal rank to rank journals in the field of wind power. Then we construct the collaboration network of institutions and use structural equation model-partial least square to examine the relationship among collaborative features, network structure, and scientific output. The results show that collaborative diversity and strength have positive effects on scientific output, while collaborative inertia has a negative effect. Both of centrality and structural holes fully account for (mediate) the relationships between collaborative features and outputs. The findings have some important policy implications to scientific collaboration: (1) research institutions should actively participate in diverse collaborations; (2) rather than only collaborating with previous partners, they should seek more new partners; and (3) collaborative features are important antecedents of scientific networks.

Background:Social network analysis (SNA) evaluates the connections and behavior of individuals in social groups. The scientific collaboration network is a kind of SNAs. A social network could be defined as a collection of nodes (social existence) and links (connections) associated with the nodes. The aim of this study was to evaluate the scientific outputs and collaboration networks of the countries and authors using indicators of SNA in the field of pituitary disorders between 2000 and 2020.Methods:This is a practical study performed by applying a scientometric approach and SNA. We retrieved 31257 papers in the field of pituitary disorders between 2000 and 2020. Data were analyzed using scientific software, namely, VOSviewer, UciNet, and Netdarw.Results:Based on degree centrality, Colao and Pivonello in the world, Shimon and Kadioghlu in the Middle-East (ME), and Khamseh, Ghorbani in Iran achieved the top ranking. Based on the betweenness centrality, Pivonello, Colao, and Chanson in the world, Laws, and Kadioghlu in the Middle-East, and Larijani, Mohseni, and Khamseh in Iran were known as the top authors. According to closeness centrality, Pivonello, Colao, and Chanson in the world, Kadioghlu and Kelestimur in the Middle-East, and Mohseni, Khamseh, and Larijani in Iran were the top authors. The map of the authors’ collaboration in the field of pituitary disorders consists of 92 nodes. A total number of 77313 authors had global collaboration. The global collaboration network was comprised of 129 nodes (country) and 2694 links (country’s collaboration). The Middle-East collaboration network revealed 69 nodes and 1708 links. The collaboration network of the Middle-East countries consists of 13 nodes and 50 links. Conclusion:Authors with a higher degree, betweenness and closeness centrality have greater efficiency (the number of articles) and effectiveness (the number of received citations). Moreover, the authors and countries that published more scientific products received more citations. In addition, in the Middle-East countries, the interdisciplinary scientific collaboration between the researchers in the fields of endocrinology, neurosurgery, pathology, and radiology has a significant impact on improving scientific outputs.

Scientific research collaboration networks are well-established research topics, which can be divided into two kinds of research paradigms: (1) The topological features of the whole scientific collaboration networks and the collaboration representations in some given fields. (2) The individual nodes' characteristics in the collaboration networks and their endorsements in the networks. However, in the above studies, all the nodes' roles in the scientific collaboration network are the same, all of whom are called collaborators, thus the relationships among all the nodes in the scientific collaboration network are symmetric, and the scientific collaboration network is undirected. Such symmetric roles and relationships in the undirected networks have no incentive effects on the members' participations and efforts in the team's scientific research. In this paper, the roles of team members in the scientific research collaborations are defined, including the scientific research pioneers and contributors, their collaboration relationships are considered from the viewpoint of principal-agent theory, and then the directed scientific collaboration network is built. Then the benefit distribution mechanism in the team members' networked scientific research collaborations is presented, which will encourage the team members with different roles to make their efforts in their scientific research collaborations and improve the quality of scientific research outputs. An example is used to test the above ideas and conclude that the individual member's real outputs not only lie in his/her real scientific research efforts, but also rest with his/her contributions to other members' scientific research.

Modeling study of knowledge diffusion in scientific collaboration networks based on differential dynamics: A case study in graphene field

Interinstitutional scientific collaboration plays an important role in knowledge production and scientific development. Together with the increasing scale of scientific collaboration, a few institutions that positively participate in interinstitutional scientific collaboration are important in collaboration networks. However, whether becoming an important institution in collaboration networks could be a contributing factor to research success and how these important institutions collaborate are still indistinct. In this paper, we identified the scientific institutions that possess the highest degree centrality as important institutions of an interinstitutional scientific collaboration network in materials science and examined their collaboration preferences utilizing several network measures. We first visualized the appearance of these important institutions that had the most positive collaborations in the interinstitutional scientific collaboration networks during the period of 2005---2015 and found an obvious scale-free feature in interinstitutional scientific collaboration networks. Then, we measured the advantages of being important in collaboration networks to research performance and found that positive interinstitutional collaborations can always bring both publication advantages and citation advantages. Finally, we identified two collaboration preferences of these important institutions in collaboration networks--one type of important institution represented by the Chinese Academy of Science plays an intermediary role between domestic institutions and foreign institutions with high betweenness centrality and a low clustering coefficient. This type of important institution has better performance in the number of publications. The other type of important institution represented by MIT tends to collaborate with similar institutions that have positive collaborations and possess a larger citation growth rate. Our finding can provide a better understanding of important institutions' collaboration preferences and have significant reference for government policy and institutional collaboration strategies.

Background and AimScientific collaborations play a vital role in advancing research in various disciplines, including medical informatics, health information management, medical librarianship, and information sciences. This study aims to provide an overview of Iranian researchers' scientific output in three disciplines and their collaboration networks.MethodsThe study utilized data from Scopus database and analyzed 2086 records of Iranian researchers' research outcomes over 10 years. Each article's citations were averaged to determine its impact factor. The study also reviewed the number of articles and citations in the past decade.ResultsThe findings show that scientific output in the disciplines of medical informatics, health information management, medical librarianship, and information sciences has significantly increased among Iranian researchers in the past decade. The analysis of collaboration networks indicates a strong connection between these disciplines, with medical informatics having the highest degree of collaboration.ConclusionThis study provides valuable insights into the scientific collaborations among Iranian researchers in medical informatics, health information management, medical librarianship, and information sciences. The findings can be used to inform future research and collaboration initiatives in these disciplines. The results suggest that Iranian researchers in these disciplines have made significant progress in scientific output and collaboration. However, further efforts are required to improve the quality and impact of their research.

Background: Scientific collaboration has become a cornerstone of sustainable development, particularly in regions where research capacity and funding face significant challenges. The Andean region, Panama, and Spain offer a unique perspective due to their cultural and linguistic ties, alongside varying levels of scientific production and innovation. These disparities present opportunities for collaboration and targeted interventions to foster regional growth and contribute to global priorities. According to UNESCO, Latin America invests merely 0.56% of its GDP in research and development, underscoring the pressing need for innovative strategies to enhance scientific capacity and align efforts with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Methods: This study employed HJ-Biplot and MANOVA-Biplot methodologies to analyze bibliometric data across various thematic areas. These multivariate techniques offer a comprehensive exploration of the interrelationships between scientific production, research talent, and international collaboration, revealing significant patterns and associations. The data were sourced from the Scimago Iberoamerican platform, which aggregates information from Elsevier’s Scopus database on scientific journals and countries. The platform provides data in five-year increments, capturing trends in scientific output, international collaboration, and thematic focus across the Andean region, Panama, and Spain, spanning the period from 2012 to 2022. Results: The analysis identified significant correlations between scientific productivity, research talent, and international partnerships. Clustering disciplines such as engineering, computer science, and energy highlights the strong intersections between technology and economic development. The proximity of psychology and environmental sciences emphasizes the importance of social and environmental factors in scientific research. Conclusion: This study provides a comprehensive bibliometric analysis of the Andean region, Panama, and Spain, identifying critical drivers of scientific productivity and collaboration. The integration of advanced statistical methodologies reveals key associations between research talent, international partnerships, and thematic focus areas. While areas such as environmental sciences and biochemistry demonstrate alignment with innovation and sustainability goals, disciplines like engineering and mathematics require targeted investment to enhance their contributions. These findings underscore the importance of a balanced approach to research funding and policymaking to ensure equitable and impactful scientific development across regions. The results serve as a roadmap for fostering collaboration, strengthening leadership, and aligning research efforts with sustainable development objectives globally.

Bibliometric profile and collaborative networks in scientific research on systemic lupus erythematosus in Latin America, 1982–2018

Scientific collaboration networks have been studied systematically since 1960 by scholars belonging to various disciplinary backgrounds. As a result, the complex phenomenon of scientific collaboration networks has been investigated within different approaches. Although the term “scientific collaboration network” has different connotations in the literature, we use the term more narrowly to focus on scientific collaboration resulting in co-authored public documents. We broaden this beyond journal articles to include many types of scientific productions in addition to journal articles and books. We insist that these productions are public items available in each field. In this chapter, we focus on the main quantitative approaches dealing with the structure and dynamics of scientific collaboration networks through co-authorized publications. We provide a brief history of social network analysis that serves as a foundation. We further review earlier conceptual classifications of co-authorship networks and distinguish cross-disciplinarily, cross-sectoral and cross-national levels. We couple the newer ideas of “small world” models and “preferential attachment” to older sociological conceptions of scientific collaboration. This is followed by descriptions of deterministic and stochastic models that have been used to study dynamic scientific collaboration networks. We stress the importance of delineating the topology of collaboration networks, understanding micro-level processes and then coupling them. We conclude by outlining the strengths and limitations of various modeling strategies.KeywordsRandom GraphSocial Network AnalysisPreferential AttachmentCitation NetworkScientific CollaborationThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.

Background: With the constant insertion of visually impaired learners in regular basic education in Brazil, it is important to create and/or adapt methodologies and equipment capable of aiding in the intellectual and social development of these students. Objective: This article intends to reflect on the usage of AT (Assistive Technology) as well as the utilisation of adapted materials for visually challenged students in the early years of primary school. Design: With a qualitative approach, it is inspired by the Discursive Textual Analysis. Setting and Participants: The research included not only teachers who teach mathematics in both the Specialized Educational Service (SES) and regular classrooms, but also low-vision students in an inclusive school. Data collection and analysis: A snippet of the meta-text is presented, which, through the analysis of the services provided in the SES, ponders about the students’ necessities and activities within AT for the teaching of number concepts. Results: The research results attest that the usage of AT is, indeed, imperative in the students’ construction of mathematical concepts with the intention of implementing Inclusive Mathematics Education. Conclusions: Simple adaptations, such as providing materials in Braille for visually impaired students, are actions that classroom teachers could adopt, counting on the assistance of Specialized Educational Service professionals.

A directed collaboration network for exploring the order of scientific collaboration

Scientific collaboration plays an important role in the knowledge production and scientific development. Researchers have investigated numerous aspects of scientific collaboration by constructing scientific collaboration networks. And we can perform node centrality analysis on the scientific collaboration networks to identify important scholars. In these collaboration networks, two scientists are linked if they have coauthored at least one paper and the way of constructing these networks is based on the assumption that each author’s contribution to an article is the same. However, the authors’ contributions to an article are unequal in reality and we should pay attention to the impact of this unequal credit allocation on the understanding of scientific collaboration. In this paper, we regard the first author as the most important contributor to an article and build a directed scientific collaboration network. Then we identify important scholars by analyzing this directed network. For one thing, we investigate the difference between the undirected and directed scientific collaboration network in network properties and centrality analysis. For another, we apply different centrality indices: betweenness, PageRank, SIR and HITS to the directed scientific collaboration network. As a result, we find that each indicator has a different performance and the PageRank algorithm and SIR show highly positive correlation with in-degree. The HITS algorithm also shows better property which can hep us distinguish potential young scholars and identify important collaborators.

This research analyzed the role of teachers in mediating the use of technology by children in early childhood education in the twenty-first century, focusing on the challenges and opportunities of this mediation in the educational process. The central problem investigated was to identify the main responsibilities and strategies of educators in guiding the use of digital technologies by young children. The general objective was to analyze the practices of technological mediation in early childhood education in Brazil, highlighting the crucial role of teachers in this process. The methodology used was the bibliographic review, with a qualitative approach, including the analysis of published materials such as books, scientific articles, theses and official documents. The results indicated that, although there are significant benefits in the integration of technologies in early childhood education, the role of the teacher as a mediator is fundamental to ensure an appropriate and pedagogically relevant use. The research highlighted the importance of continuing education of teachers in educational technologies and the need for educational policies that support this mediation. The final considerations pointed out that, despite the challenges, the role of the teacher as a mediator of the use of technologies in early childhood education is crucial for the integral development of children in the twenty-first century. Investments in teacher training, development of pedagogical guidelines for the use of technologies and the promotion of a balanced approach are essential for the success of this mediation. The need for future studies was underscored to explore effective mediation strategies and assess the long-term impacts of this approach on child development.

Perfil bibliométrico y redes de colaboración en investigación científica sobre lupus eritematoso sistémico en Latinoamérica, 1982-2018

Effectiveness in learning as a very important thing in determining success in the learning process, especially the role of the teacher himself. But in fact, there are some problems that occur during the learning evaluation process, students who keep asking questions, lack of motivation and students who are not careful in reading the available questions. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to find out the role of PAI teachers in developing evaluation tools that support a quality learning process. This study used a qualitative approach with an analytical descriptive model. The data collection technique used observation to class VI at SDN Sawahlega 02 with 32 students, interviews with the principal, PAI teacher and two students in class VI and documentation studies. The result is the role of PAI teachers in developing evaluation tools that support a quality learning process that has the effectiveness of students thinking critically and increasing learning motivation. The role of the teacher himself in carrying out learning evaluations is carried out per each material that has been carried out to achieve quality learning targets. In conclusion, the development of evaluation tools supports the role of PAI teachers to have a positive impact on achieving quality learning for students in class VI SDN Sawahlega 02.