Abstract
Forced swimming in cold water causes physiological and psychological stress that leads to altered biochemical homeostasis and neurobehavioral responses. In this study, plasma and urinary metabolites in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats subjected to cold water forced swimming stress (CWFSS) were characterized using NMR in conjunction with multivariate data analysis. Metabolic analysis demonstrated that decreased levels of lipoprotein and increased levels of O-acetyl glycoprotein, glucose, lactate, pyruvate, creatine, citrate, succinate and amino acids including phenylalanine, tyrosine, glutamate, valine, isoleucine, alanine and lysine in plasma were observed in response to CWFSS. Moreover, the biochemical response to CWFSS as determined from NMR analysis of urine was characterized by an elevation of gut microbiota-related metabolites including phenylacetylglycine, 4-cresol glucuronide and indoxyl sulfate. These results suggest that CWFSS-induced metabolic perturbations were involved in the disruption of amino acid and energy metabolism as well as the alteration of gut microbiota function. This study will enhance the current knowledge of stress-induced diseases and aid in the early diagnosis of metabolic disorders in humans.
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
