Cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) as a promising therapeutic option for mild to moderate acne vulgaris: Clinical and non-invasive evaluation of two cases

The Interactions between Non-thermal Atmospheric Pressure Plasma and Ex-vivo Dermal Fibroblasts

Cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) has been incorporated into various fields, including promotion of cutaneous wound healing. Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic cutaneous condition characterized by inflammation-induced skin wounds and impaired skin barrier function. To investigate whether CAP may improve AD using an animal model. Dermatophagoides farinae extracts (DFE)-induced murine models of AD were used in this study. The plasma-treated group received a total of 6 CAP treatments during 2 weeks, while the control group did not receive any treatment. Differences in dermatitis severity, transepidermal water loss (TEWL), serum level of immunoglobulin (Ig) E and epidermal thickness were evaluated in both groups. The dermatitis severity was significantly improved by CAP treatment. TEWL was lower in the plasma-treated group compared with the non-treated control group. Serum Ig E dropped significantly after treatment with CAP. Difference in epidermal thickness of the ear skin was not significant between the plasma-treated and non-treated groups. Localized treatment of AD with CAP decreases dermatitis severity, TEWL, and serum Ig E level. These results show CAP’s potentials as a novel therapeutic modality for AD.

Topical anesthetics are widely used in dermatology and cosmetology to alleviate the pain from nonsurgical cosmetic procedures, while the transdermal drug delivery is limited by the skin barrier. Cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) is a potential approach used for skin pretreatment to enhance transdermal delivery of topical medications. To assess the efficacy of CAP as a pretreatment to improve the transdermal delivery of topical anesthetic. First, we conducted ex vivo permeation studies on 30 mice with a Franz cell diffusion experiment. CAP irradiations of different intensity and duration were pretreated on the epidermal layer of mice before topical lidocaine applied, with the control group received no pretreatment. The amount of drug penetrated through the skin and drug flux were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography. Then, we treated 3 living mice with CAP followed by application of methylene blue cream (MB) and used skin biopsies to measure penetration depth by microscope. Last, we measured the transepidermal water loss (TEWL) of mouse skin in vivo before and after CAP treatment to observe its effect on the skin barrier function. In the permeation study, the transdermal flux of lidocaine was enhanced to 1.97 times of the control samples by CAP pretreatment. We also observed that the accumulative amount of lidocaine varied with the duration of the CAP treatment in a biphasic manner. In the MB penetration study, significant amount of MB deposition was observed under the epidermis and deeper parts of the skin after CAP pretreatment compared with the control sample. A sharp increase in TEWL value was observed directly after the CAP treatment, but 30minutes later, it began to decrease and recovered to baseline in the next 3hours, indicating that the skin barrier property had been changed reversibly. Our studies suggested that the transdermal absorption of topical lidocaine can be efficiently and safely enhanced by pretreatment of the skin with CAP. We believe that CAP could be used as an assistance to improve analgesia in dermatology.

PO-030 Cold atmospheric plasma treatment in breast cancer

Background The oral microbiota is a diverse and complex community that maintains a delicate balance. When this balance is disturbed, it can lead to acute and chronic infectious diseases such as dental caries and periodontitis, significantly affecting people’s quality of life. Developing a new antimicrobial strategy to deal with the increasing microbial variability and resistance is important. Cold atmospheric plasma (CAP), as the fourth state of matter, has gradually become a hot topic in the field of biomedicine due to its good antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and anti-tumor capabilities. It is expected to become a major asset in the regulation of oral microbiota. Methods We conducted a search in PubMed, Medline, and Wiley databases, focusing on studies related to CAP and oral pathogenic microorganisms. We explored the biological effects of CAP and summarized the antimicrobial mechanisms behind it. Results Numerous articles have shown that CAP has a potent antimicrobial effect against common oral pathogens, including bacteria, fungi, and viruses, primarily due to the synergy of various factors, especially reactive oxygen and nitrogen species. Conclusions CAP is effective against various oral pathogenic microorganisms, and it is anticipated to offer a new approach to treating oral infectious diseases. The future objective is to precisely adjust the parameters of CAP to ensure safety and efficacy, and subsequently develop a comprehensive CAP treatment protocol. Achieving this objective is crucial for the clinical application of CAP, and further research is necessary.

Cold atmospheric plasma (CAP), a room temperate ionised gas, known as the fourth state of matter is an ionised gas and can be produced from argon, helium, nitrogen, oxygen or air at atmospheric pressure and low temperatures. CAP has become a new promising way for many biomedical applications, such as disinfection, cancer treatment, root canal treatment, wound healing, and other medical applications. Among these applications, investigations of plasma for skin wound healing have gained huge success both in vitro and in vivo experiments without any known significant negative effects on healthy tissues. The development of CAP devices has led to novel therapeutic strategies in wound healing, tissue regeneration and skin infection management. CAP consists of a mixture of multitude of active components such as charged particles, electric field, UV radiation, and reactive gas species which can act synergistically. CAP has lately been recognized as an alternative approach in medicine for sterilization of wounds by its antiseptic effects and promotion of wound healing by stimulation of cell proliferation and migration of wound related skin cells. With respect to CAP applications in medicine, this review focuses particularly on the potential of CAP and the known molecular basis for this action. We summarize the available literature on the plasma devices developed for wound healing, the current in vivo and in vitro use of CAP, and the mechanism behind it as well as the biosafety issues.

Cold atmospheric microwave plasma (CAMP) is a promising therapeutic option for treating skin infections and wounds. Changes in biophysical skin parameters and the tolerability in dogs after applying CAMP is unknown. This study aimed to evaluate the in vivo effects of CAMP on skin biophysical parameters [hydration, transepidermal water loss (TEWL) and surface temperature] and tolerability in dogs. Twenty client-owned dogs with normal skin. Cold atmospheric microwave plasma treatment was performed for 30 s and 1, 2 and 4 min, respectively, at different sites of normal canine skin in the inguinal area. Hydration, TEWL and surface temperature were measured five, three and three times, respectively, before and after CAMP application. After treatment, pain and adverse effects were evaluated using a modified Melbourne Pain Scale and the modified short form Glasgow Composite Measure Pain Scale (modified CMPS-SF). Transepidermal water loss values significantly decreased with 4 min of treatment, and hydration decreased significantly with 2 min of treatment. Temperature increased significantly with increasing treatment time. For other parameters, no significant changes were observed. No significant pain response or adverse effects were observed in most dogs, aside from mild erythema in the treatment area after 4 min. Cold atmospheric microwave plasma treatment was well-tolerated and did not significantly change canine skin biophysical parameters. CAMP achieves basic recommendations for safe use and is a potential therapeutic option for various skin diseases in dogs.

Introduction Plasma is the fourth state of matter and others are liquid, gas, and solid. Plasma occurs as a natural phenomenon in the universe and appears in the form of fire, in the polar aurora borealis and in the nuclear fusion reactions of the sun. It can be produced artificially which has gained importance in the fields of plasma screens or light sources. Plasma is of two types: Thermal and nonthermal or cold atmospheric plasma (CAP). Thermal plasma has electrons and heavy particles (ions and neutral) at the same temperature. Cold atmospheric plasma is said to be nonthermal as it has electron at a hotter temperature than the heavy particles that are at room temperature. Cold atmospheric plasma is a specific type of plasma, i.e., <104°F at the point of application. It could become a new and painless method to prepare cavities for restoration with improved longevity. Also it is capable of bacterial inactivation and noninflammatory tissue alteration, which makes it an attractive tool for the treatment of dental caries and for composite restorations. Plasma can also be used for tooth whitening. This review focuses on some dental application of plasma. How to cite this article Nair RS, Babu B, Mushtaq E. Cold Atmospheric Plasma in Dentistry. J Oper Dent Endod 2016;1(2):82-86.

Cold atmospheric plasma for gas therapy and gas-activated drug delivery.

Plasma activated media and direct exposition can selectively ablate retinoblastoma cells

Plasma is the fourth state of matter and other states of matter are liquid, gas, and solid 4 . Plasma occurs as a natural phenomenon in the universe in the form of fire, in the polar aurora borealis and in the nuclear fusion reactions of the sun and also can be created artificially which has gained importance in the fields of plasma screens or light sources 1 . There are two types of plasma: thermal and non-thermal or cold atmospheric plasma. Thermal plasma has electrons and heavy particles (neutral and ions) at the same temperature. Cold Atmospheric Plasma (CAP) is said to be non-thermal because it has electron at a hotter temperature than the heavy particles that are at room temperature. . Cold Atmospheric Plasma is a specific type of plasma that is less than 104°F at the point of application 4 . So the bright future of dentistry with help of cold plasma. Key word:- cold plasma, non thermal atmospheric plasma,

Cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) technology has emerged as a revolutionary therapeutic technology in dermatology, recognized for its safety, effectiveness, and minimal side effects. CAP demonstrates substantial antimicrobial properties against bacteria, viruses, and fungi, promotes tissue proliferation and wound healing, and inhibits the growth and migration of tumor cells. This paper explores the versatile applications of CAP in dermatology, skin health, and skincare. It provides an in-depth analysis of plasma technology, medical plasma applications, and CAP. The review covers the classification of CAP, its direct and indirect applications, and the penetration and mechanisms of action of its active components in the skin. Briefly introduce CAP’s suppressive effects on microbial infections, detailing its impact on infectious skin diseases and its specific effects on bacteria, fungi, viruses, and parasites. It also highlights CAP’s role in promoting tissue proliferation and wound healing and its effectiveness in treating inflammatory skin diseases such as psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, and vitiligo. Additionally, the review examines CAP’s potential in suppressing tumor cell proliferation and migration and its applications in cosmetic and skincare treatments. The therapeutic potential of CAP in treating immune-mediated skin diseases is also discussed. CAP presents significant promise as a dermatological treatment, offering a safe and effective approach for various skin conditions. Its ability to operate at room temperature and its broad spectrum of applications make it a valuable tool in dermatology. Finally, introduce further research is required to fully elucidate its mechanisms, optimize its use, and expand its clinical applications.

Plasma is the fourth state of matter, and it is species of partially ionized gas generated under an electric field that contains photons, free electrons, ions, free radicals, and reactive oxygen/nitrogen species. Plasma can be produced at atmospheric pressure or under a vacuum in two ways; thermal and non-thermal. Furthermore, they can be classified into natural and artificial plasmas. Non-thermal atmospheric plasma, also known as cold atmospheric plasma (CAP), is produced in a cold form under a high electrical field at atmospheric pressure. CAP is primarily produced using two methods which are the dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) and plasma jet. The electrical discharge between two electrodes separated by an insulating dielectric barrier is known as DBD. This method is quite widely used in many studies in the literature and has an important place in the field of plasma medicine. In the DBD method, the electrode configuration, shape, material, and substance from which the dielectric barrier is made are important. There are many studies conducted with different electrode configurations in the literature. Besides the electrode configuration and shape, the barrier and electrode materials can also affect the reactivity of the discharge by changing the discharge electrical power. It is thought that plasma discharge at different times will vary in CAP applications due to the change in conductivity of the conductive material used depending on the capacitive resistance. In this study, deionized water (DIW) activated with CAP treatment using different electrode materials (copper, stainless steel, and aluminum) to compare the physical quantities that can change such as pH and conductivity. The aim of this study is to observe the effect of using different electrode materials (copper, stainless steel, and aluminum) on the biological outcome of CAP treatment and compare the antimicrobial activities of different materials.

Plasma medicine means the direct application of cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) on or in the human body for therapeutic purposes. Further, the field interacts strongly with results gained for biological decontamination. Experimental research as well as first practical application is realized using two basic principles of CAP sources: dielectric barrier discharges (DBD) and atmospheric pressure plasma jets (APPJ). Originating from the fundamental insights that the biological effects of CAP are most probably caused by changes of the liquid environment of cells, and are dominated by reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS, RNS), basic mechanisms of biological plasma activity are identified. It was demonstrated that there is no increased risk of cold plasma application and, above all, there are no indications for genotoxic effects. The most important biological effects of cold atmospheric pressure plasma were identified: (1) inactivation of a broad spectrum of microorganisms including multidrug resistant ones; (2) stimulation of cell proliferation and tissue regeneration with lower plasma treatment intensity (treatment time); (3) inactivation of cells by initialization of programmed cell death (apoptosis) with higher plasma treatment intensity (treatment time). In recent years, the main focus of clinical applications was in the field of wound healing and treatment of infective skin diseases. First CAP sources are CE-certified as medical devices now which is the main precondition to start the introduction of plasma medicine into clinical reality. Plasma application in dentistry and, above all, CAP use for cancer treatment are becoming more and more important research fields in plasma medicine. A further in-depth knowledge of control and adaptation of plasma parameters and plasma geometries is needed to obtain suitable and reliable plasma sources for the different therapeutic indications and to open up new fields of medical application.

Cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) has shown good clinical efficacy in treating chronic wounds, but its superiority over conventional treatment is still under debate. This meta-analysis systematically analyzed the clinical efficacy of CAP compared to control therapy. Relevant literature was obtained online according to PRISMA guidelines. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were selected based on reduced bacterial load and wound size or area in chronic wounds as observation outcomes. The data were pooled and analyzed using REVMAN 5.2. Twelve studies were included in the meta-analysis, comprising two on wound bacterial load, four on wound size or area, and six on both wound bacterial load and size. For the reduction in wound size or area, CAP showed a significant superior effect compared to the control group. Out of the five RCTs that evaluated wound size, CAP showed a higher number of wounds reduced (CAP vs. control: OR = 1.75; 95% CI = 1.11 - 2.77; p = 0.02). The percentage of relative reduced wound area was evaluated by five RCTs (CAP vs. control: MD = 43.24%; 95% CI = 24.95% - 61.54%; p < 0.00001). For reduced bacterial load, CAP also showed significantly better efficacy than control, as evaluated in eight RCTs (CAP vs. control: OR = 2.06; 95% CI = 1.16 - 3.68; p = 0.01). A total of 448 patients with chronic wounds were included in all 12 meta-analysis studies, indicating that CAP has better clinical efficacy in treating chronic wounds. These findings provide a valuable reference for the clinical application of CAP.