Coins and Imperial Heads. The Memory of Rome in the Late Avar Age

Genesis of the Shaquanzi Zn–Pb deposit in the Eastern Tianshan, NW China: Constraints from geology, fluid inclusion and isotope geochemistry

In order to understand how the metallogenic process of porphyry deposit specifically and directly respond to regional uplifting and exhumation, we compiled previous fluid inclusion data of 32 porphyry deposits in China by recalculating the fluid trapping depths and trapping depth reduction magnitude from early to late mineralization stage veins. The data reveal that the average trapping pressure ratio (Ave TPE/TPL) between early‐ and late‐stage veins of the these deposits are 1.2–18.4, mainly in the range of 1.35–5.83, with average trapping pressure reduction (1–Ave TPL/TPE) from early‐ to late‐ stage veins are 17%–95%, and mainly in the range of 25%–83%. The fluid trapping pressure based mineralization depths most of the porphyry deposits in China had decreased from early to late vein stages by at least 450 m (900–5800 m predominant), or greater than 950 m when take the average depth reduction value, which is greater than the current gap between early‐ and late‐ stage veins of each deposit. We propose that the apparently greater mineralization depth reduction magnitude than the current elevation gaps between early and late veins are likely a consequence of syn‐mineralization uplifting and exhumation process that often occurs in porphyry systems.

Purpose Antiplatelet management is essential in neuroendovascular treatment, especially with intracranial stent deployment, for thromboembolic complication reduction. There are few articles which described the use of light transmission aggregometry (LTA) as a platelet function test prior to deployment of intracranial stent. The aim of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of strict antiplatelet management in patients with stent assisted coil embolization. Method A total of 372 patients with intracranial aneurysms were treated with endovascular procedure from July 2015 to March 2018. During the period, 119 patients underwent stent-assisted coil embolization. All patients were measured platelet function test before procedure. Platelet function test was performed using LTA measuring adenosine diphosphate (ADP). We retrospectively analyzed thromboembolic complication based on two protocols (stages) of antiplatelet management for that period. In early stage, the patients were taken regular double antiplatelet therapy (aspirin 100 mg and clopidogrel 75 mg, daily) seven days before the procedure. In the late stage, we employed strict antiplatelet management described as follows: if ADP value is less than 60, additional clopidogrel 75 mg was administered in addition to the regular double antiplatelet therapy. Thromboembolic complications occurring from the date of the procedure until discharge were evaluated. Results In the early stage (July 2015 to August 2016), three thromboembolic complications were occurred out of 35 patients (8.6%). Patients with complications had significantly higher average ADP value than those without complication (60.7 versus 45.6; p=0.018). A cut-off value of ADP was 62 (AUC 0.807, Sensitivity 0.67, Specificity 0.93). In the late stage (August 2016 to March 2018), CLP boosting was conducted in nine patients out of 84 patients (10.7%). The rate of thromboembolic complication was significantly lower in late stage than that in the early stage (1.2% versus 8.6%; p=0.04). Conclusion Strict antiplatelet management using platelet aggregation test may reduce thromboembolic complication in patients with stent assisted coil embolization. Disclosures I. Kan: None. T. Ishibashi: None. I. Yuki: None. K. Sakuta: None. T. Kodama: None. S. Kaku: None. N. Kato: None. K. Nishimura: None. K. Aoki: None. Y. Murayama: None.

Estimating Crop Coefficient in Intermittent Irrigation Paddy Fields Using Excel Solver

Objective To observe the clinical and fundus angiography characteristics of multiple evanescent white dot syndrome (MEWDS). Methods Forty eyes of 40 patients (12 males/28 females) with MEWDS, diagnosed by fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA) or indocyanine green angiography (ICGA)were enrolled. All cases were unilateral. The age was ranged from 16 to 64 years old, with a mean of 29.4years. The initial average corrected vision was ranged from 0.1 to 1.0, with a mean of 0.82. The characteristics of clinical manifestations, the features of FFA and ICGA were analyzed. Results Multiple gray-white dots (100-500 μm) were found throughout the posterior pole and the mid-periphery areas. The lesions were at the depth of outer retina and retinal pigment epithelium layers. Some patients presented with mild vitreous opacity. FFA showed round or ring hyper-fluorescence spots at the early stage and tissue staining at the late stage, corresponding to the gray-white dots. Hyper-fluorescence spots and leakages at the retinal veins near optic disk were seen in 18 patients. The hyper-fluorescence spots near macular area were found in 7 patients. ICGA showed that numerous dark hypo-fluorescent dots in the mid-periphery and posterior pole at the early stage and no leakage at the late stage. ICGA detected more lesions than FFA. All of the patients were recovered without any visual complications within 6-8 weeks. Conclusions MEWDS patients have multiple fundus gray-white dots, and hyper-fluorescence and the abnormal retinal vessels by FFA, and multiple weak hypo-fluorescent spots throughout the posterior pole and the mid-periphery areas clearly on ICGA. The ICGA showed more lesions than the ophthalmoscope and FFA examination. Key words: Uveitis/diagnosis; Fluorescence; Fluorescein angiography

Objective To analysis each layer of retinal thickness,especially the ganglion cell layer (GCL) in the macular area,in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) using an RTVue OCT; to assess its value in the diagnosis of glaucoma.Methods In this prospective case-control study,76 patients (91 eyes) with POAG (30 patients [30 eyes] in the early stage,25 patients [29 eyes] in the middle stage and 21 patients [32 eyes] in late stage) and 32 healthy age-and gender-matched controls (32 eyes) were recruited.The macular area was scanned with an RTVue OCT,and the retina was divided into nine layers with self-programming retinal image processing software.The thickness of each layer and the total retinal thickness were calculated and an LSD-t test was used to compare the average thickness of the macular area in each retinal layer for early,middle and late POAG patients and the control group.Results In the early stage of POAG,the mean thicknesses of the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) and ganglion cell layer (GCL) were 31.6±9.2 μm and 33.9±5.0 μm,respectively,becoming thinner (P＜0.05) than healthy controls.In the middle stage,the mean thicknesses of the RNFL and GCL were 31.2±3.4 μm and 34.1±3.9 μm,respectively,which was thinner than the control group (P＜0.05).In the late stage,the mean thicknesses of the RNFL,GCL,inner plexiform layer (IPL),inner segment of the photoreceptor (IS),and total retina (TR) were 18.8±7.6 μm,24.2±7.9 μm,38.0±6.4 μm,22.8±4.4 μm and 299.5±15.1 μm,respectively,and all measurements were thinner than the controls (P＜0.05).The mean thickness of the inner nuclear layer (INL) was 39.1±6.6 μm,which was thicker than the controls (P＜0.05).Conclusion The mean thickness of the retinal macular area of POAG patients became obviously thinner.The GCL was especially affected by early POAG.GCL combined with clinical observations can be used as an early diagnostic indicator of POAG. Key words: Glaucoma,open-angle ; Tomography,optical coherence ; Retinal thickness

This research was performed to investigate the profile of Natural Killer (NK) cells in peripheral blood and tumor tissues of cervical pre cancerous lesion and squamous cell carcinoma of cervix patients. This research was an observational analysis study with cross-sectional design of 47 subjects which comprises of 17 cervical pre cancerous lesion patients, 8 early stage squamous cell carcinoma of cervix patients and 22 late stage squamous cell carcinoma of cervix patients in Dr. Soetomo Hospital-Airlangga University teaching hospital, Surabaya. After clinical and histopatologic diagnosis was established, NK cell count was perfomed on the biopsies, and both NK cell count and percentage of activated NK cells was performed on the peripheral blood of those three groups. From this research, it was found that the average number and percentage of activated NK cells within peripheral blood of cervical pre cancerous lesion patients were lower (349.65 cell/?L; 15.13%) compared with early stage carcinoma (552 cell/?L; 18,40%) and late stage carcinoma (590.32 sel/?L; 23.29%). NK cell expression of cervical tumor tissues on three groups are very low, 0.29% on cervical pre cancerous lesion patients; 0.45% on early stage cervical cancer patients; and 0.04% on late stage cervical cancer patients. Significant differences was found in the number of NK cells (p=0.016) and percentage of activated NK cells (p=0.041) within peripheral blood between pre cancerous lesion patients and late stage squamous cell cervical cancer patients, no significant difference was found in the number of NK cells within tumor tissue (p=0.278).

Objective To comparatively observe features of choroidal osteoma by multimodal fundus imaging methods. Methods This is a retrospective case study. Sixteen patients (16 eyes) with choroidal osteoma were enrolled in this study. The patients included 6 males (6 eyes) and 10 females (10 eyes), with an average age of (30.5±2.4) years. All patients received examination of best-corrected visual acuity, slit lamp microscope, indirect ophthalmoscopy, fundus color photography, fundus autofluorescence (AF), fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA) and spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT). The tumors were classified as fresh lesion (clear boundary and rosy tumor with smooth surface) and obsolete lesions (pale and flat tumor with obvious patches). The tumor features of color fundus photography, AF, FFA and SD-OCT were comparatively observed. Results There were 5 fresh lesions and 11 obsolete lesions. Color fundus photography showed the tumor color was orange-red or yellow-white with clear boundary and retinal blood vessels on the surface of the tumor. The color of fresh lesion was rosy. In general, choroidal osteoma shown weak AF, however AF of fresh tumor was slightly stronger than the obsolete tumor, and retinal detachment region showed relatively stronger AF. FFA of fresh tumor indicated uniform intense fluorescence with clear boundary at late stage, much stronger than obsolete tumor. SD-OCT showed mesh-like reflected signal in the choroidal layer, but different from the surrounding choroidal vascular structures. Conclusions The tumor color is orange-red or yellow-white in color funds photography, which shown weak AF. FFA showed mottled hyperfluorescence in the early stage and tissue staining at the late stage. SD-OCT showed mesh-like reflected signal in the choroidal layer. Key words: Choroid neoplasms/diagnosis; Fluorescein angiography; Tomography, optical coherence

Pine wilt disease (PWD) can cause destructive death in many species of pine trees within a short period. The recognition of infected pine trees in unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) forest images is a key technology for automatic monitoring and early warning of pests. This paper collected UAV visible and multispectral images of Korean pines (Pinus koraiensis) and Chinese pines (P. tabulaeformis) infected by PWD and divided the PWD infection into early, middle, and late stages. With the open-source annotation tool, LabelImg, we labeled the category of infected pine trees at each stage. After coordinate-correction preprocessing of the ground truth, the Korean pine and Chinese pine datasets were established. As a means of detecting infected pine trees of PWD and determining different infection stages, a multi-band image-fusion infected pine tree detector (MFTD) based on deep learning was proposed. Firstly, the Halfway Fusion mode was adopted to fuse the network based on four YOLOv5 variants. Simultaneously, the Backbone network was initially designed as a dual branching network that includes visible and multispectral subnets. Moreover, the features of visible and multispectral images were extracted. To fully utilize the features of visible and multispectral images, a multi-band feature fusion transformer (MFFT) with a multi-head attention mechanism and a feed-forward network was constructed to enhance the information correlation between visible and multispectral feature maps. Finally, following the MFFT module, the two feature maps were fused and input into Neck and Head to predict the categories and positions of infected pine trees. The best-performing MFTD model achieved the highest detection accuracy with mean average precision values (mAP@50) of 88.5% and 86.8% on Korean pine and Chinese pine datasets, respectively, which improved by 8.6% and 10.8% compared to the original YOLOv5 models trained only with visible images. In addition, the average precision values (AP@50) are 87.2%, 93.5%, and 84.8% for early, middle, and late stages on the KP dataset and 81.2%, 92.9%, and 86.2% on the CP dataset. Furthermore, the largest improvement is observed in the early stage with 14.3% and 11.6%, respectively. The results show that MFTD can accurately detect the infected pine trees, especially those at the early stage, and improve the early warning ability of PWD.

The study examines whether the differences in both average BMI values and the prevalence of the underweight, overweight and obesity between girls with early, average and late age at menarche depend on the socio-economic status. The data were obtained from 2694 female students aged 15-18 years. Height and weight were measured and used to calculate BMI. The girls were divided into three groups in terms of their socio-economic status. Each girl was also classified as early, on time or late maturing based on the age at menarche. The inverse correlation between BMI values and age at menarche was observed. In groups of the same socio-economic status the highest BMI value was always observed in girls with early age at menarche and the lowest in those with late age at menarche. The maturation rate had also statistically significant effect on the prevalence of underweight, overweight and obesity. The early maturing girls presented a lower prevalence of underweight and higher prevalence of overweight and obesity than average and late maturing girls. This relationship was evident for both the entire sample material and in socio-economic groups. The relationship between BMI and age at menarche occurs regardless of socio-economic status.

Objective To observe the characteristics of fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA) and optical coherence tomography (OCT) in nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION),and investigate its relation with visual acuity and course of disease. Methods The clinical data of 47 patients (47 eyes) with NAION were retrospectively analyzed. All the patiens had undergone visual acuity, fundus and visual field examination ,meanwhile FFA and OCT were carried out at first visit. FFA and visual field were carried out by routine. OCT was carried out by line and circle shape scanning in macula and optic disc.Thirty-five NAION patients were checked with OCT at half, one, two, three and six month after onset in respectively. Take the healthy fellow eyes of 36 NAION patiens as control group. The FFA, visual field, OCT characteristics and relation with visual acuity and course disease were comparatively analyzed. Results FFA showed that all the eyes appear as delayed filling of the optic disc in early stage and hyperfluorescence leakage of the optic disc in late stage,besides hyperfluorescence presented to macular area in 24 eyes. OCT showed that optic papilla swelling and physiological depression narrow or nearly disappearance, neuroepithelial layer thickening or neuroepithelial layer eminence and subretinal fluidity area opaca between optic disc and macula. There were 14 eyes with normal physiological depression and 22 eyes with small physiological depression or non- physiological depression in control group. Half month after onset, the neuroepithelial layer thickness of macula fovea, the maximum thickness of neuroepithelial layer between optic disc and macula, and the average retinal nerve fiber layer ( RNFL) thickness in NAION group were higher than those in the control group,the difference were statistically significant (F=6. 51,26. 12,75. 49; P<0. 05). Two months after onset,the maximum thickness of neuroepithelial layer between optic disc and macula, the average RNFL thickness, and the RNFL thickness of temporal optic disc in NAION group were significant thinner, but the elevated height of the optic disc in NAION group were near those of the control group. Three months after onset, the average RNFL thickness and the RNFL thickness of temporal optic disc in NAION group decreased continually, they were lower than those of the control group, the difference were statistically significan(F=75. 49,37. 92;P<0. 05). Visual field showed that inferior defect were found in 21 eyes (45%). With progress, the superior RNFL thickness obviously decreased, coincidence with appearance of visual field. It indicate that the superior optic atrophy serious. Visual acuity had significant negative correlation with the neuroepithelial layer thickness of macula fovea, the neuroepithelial layer maximum thickness between optic disc and macula, the average RNFL thickness, the RNFL thickness of temporal optic disc(r=-0.394,-0. 424,-0. 412,-0. 464; P<0. 05). Conclusions FFA showes that hyperfluorescence leakage appearanced in part macula. OCT showes that RNFL becomes thinner as the disease duration increases. The results of OCT and visual field examinaion in the configuration of optic disc and changes of RNFL are accordant. Key words: Optic neuropathy,ischemic/diagnosis; Fluorescein angiography/utilization; Tomography,optical coherence/utilization; Perimetry/utilization

The Taodonggou group of Middle Permian is an important source rock in Taibei sag of Turpan-Hami basin. Due to its deep burial, drilling has only been revealed in recent years. Based on organic petrology and organic geochemistry experiments, this paper studies the organic petrology, organic geochemistry, sedimentary environment, and hydrocarbon generation potential of source rocks in Taibei sag, Turpan-Hami basin, and reveals the influence of the sedimentary environment on the organic matter abundance of source rocks. The results are as follows: (1) The organic matter of the Middle Permian source rocks in Taibei sag of Turpan-Hami basin is mainly sapropelite and exinite. The vitrinite is mainly vitrodetrinite, and the exinite is mainly lamalginiite. (2) The total organic carbon content value is 0.55–6.08 wt %, and the average value is 2.58 wt %. The PG value ranges from 0.78 mg HC/g to 30.86 mg HC/g, and the average value is 4.88 mg HC/g. Chloroform asphalt “A” is 0.046–0.8767 wt %, and the average value is 0.285 wt %. The types of organic matter are mainly III and II–III, and the Ro value is 0.628–1.49 wt % (average = 0.988 wt %). The Tmax distribution is 329–465 °C. The average temperature is 434.7 °C, which is in the mature stage (oil window stage). The Middle Permian source rocks are mainly very good to excellent source rocks with a good hydrocarbon generation potential. (3) The source rocks are deposited in a semihumid and semiarid climate. Organic matter is input as a mixed source. The early and late stages is dominated by terrestrial higher plants. The middle stage is dominated by lower aquatic organisms, and the sedimentary environment consists of weak reduction and weak oxidation environments. (4) In the study area, the abundance of organic matter has a weak negative correlation with CPI and a positive correlation with Pr/Ph and ∑C21–/∑C22+. Under the coaction of paleoclimate, organic matter input, and redox environment, the enrichment model of organic matter with high productivity and weak oxidation environment characteristics can also form excellent source rocks. This study is of great significance and provides theoretical guidance for the exploration of deep oil and gas resources.

Objective To summarize the clinical features in idiopathic hypotony maculopathy. Methods A retrospective case series study. Eighteen eyes of 18 patients who were diagnosed with idiopathic hypotony maculopathy were enrolled in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University from August 2012 to December 2017. There were 8 males (8 eyes) and 10 females (10 eyes). All patients underwent examinations including BCVA, optometry, slit lamp microscope, fundus color photography, UBM, B-mode ultrasound, OCT, FFA and axial length (AL). BCVA was recorded with logMAR acuity. The results of affected eyes and contralateral healthy eyes were compared. Paired t test was performed to compare the intraocular pressure (IOP), diopter and AL of the affected eyes and contralateral healthy eyes. Results Among 18 eyes, there were 6 eyes with logMAR BCVA<1.0, 10 eyes with logMAR BCVA 1.0−2.0, 2 eyes with light perception. The average diopter was +2.32±1.78 D. The average IOP was 5.18±1.38 mmHg (1 mmHg= 0.133 kPa). The average AL was 20.92±1.61 mm. The differences of IOP (t=21.6, P<0.000), diopter (t=5.9, P=0.002) and AL (t=9.13, P<0.000) between the affected eyes and contralateral healthy eyes were significant. The inflammatory reaction in the anterior segment was observed in 13 eyes (72.22%). In the posterior segment, all the eyes were documented with chorioretinal folds, optic disc swelling and retinal phlebectasia were also demonstrated in 14 eyes, while with macular uplift in 7 eyes. In the UBM and gonioscope examination, the angle chamber was open in all patients with ciliary body cyst in 6 eyes, while no ciliary body detachment was detected. All eyes had been examined with B-scan ultrasound and found the increasing thickness of eye ball in all eyes, and nodular changes in the optic papilla in 5 eyes. The chorioretinal folds were further confirmed by OCT with the appearance of the gear shape, much more obviously in the choroid than that in retina. In the FFA, fluorescein leakage was found around the optic disc in 13 eyes at the late stage, while there was no obvious abnormal leakage in the macular or poster part of retina. Conclusions Idiopathic hypotony maculopathy could present with various clinical manifestations. The choroiretinal folds is typical clinical sign. Key words: Ocular hypotension/complications; Maculopathy; Chorioretinal folds

To investigate the incidence, duration and consequences of persistent submacular fluid after pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) and scleral buckling surgery (SB) in rhegmatogenous retinal detachment, thus to explore the clinical association between persistent SMF and different surgical methods, and simultaneously, to study the effect of persistent submacular fluid on visual outcome. It was a retrospective case-series study. Ninety-two qualified eyes including 54 eyes of males and 38 eyes of females with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment which had been performed PPV or SB were recruited. The average age of the patients was (45.8 ± 15.3) years with a age-range from 15 to 76 years. The inclusion criteria was as follows, the macula-off rhegmatogenous retinal detachments without macular hole and obvious proliferative vitreoretinopathy, the retina was completely reattached 1 month after operation and no redetachment was found by ophthalmoscope and B scan till the last follow-up, the minimal follow-up time was 1 year and the submacular fluid must have been dissolved for at least 6 months. All patients underwent thorough ophthalmologic examinations before and after operation, Those patients in whom a persistent submacular fluid was seen on optical coherence tomography (OCT) at 1 month after operation performed follow-up with repeat of the investigations at 3, 6 and 12 months after surgery, If the abnormality resolved, further observations were continued to undertake for 6 months or more till the last follow-up.Rank-sum test, χ²-test and Fisher exact test were applied respectively to analyze for statistical analysis. The incidence of persistent submacular fluid at 1 month after surgery in the PPV and SB group was 13.9% (5/36) and 48.2% (27/56).Six months later however, the figure expressed as percentage was 2.8% (1/36) and 23.2% (18/28) correspondingly. Persistent submacular fluid was more frequent in eyes with inferior breaks (64.3%) than that with superior ones (13.9%), making a significant differences (χ² = 17.38, P < 0.01) . The persistent submacular fluid group showed worse best-corrected visual acuity than no persistent submacular fluid group 6 and 12 months after surgery (t = 2.525, t = 2.254, both P < 0.05). Comparing the visual acuity (VA) between the eyes with or without persistent submacular fluid 6, 12 months after surgery and the latest followed-up among the ever suffered eyes, a statistically significant differences presented in late stages(average VA: 0.47 ± 0.29, 0.30 ± 0.16; 0.44 ± 0.28, 0.27 ± 0.15;0.42 ± 0.22, 0.27 ± 0.19; t = 2.114, 2.207, 2.068; all P < 0.05), though there were no significant differences in the first three months (average VA: 0.70 ± 0.33, 0.63 ± 0.37; 0.50 ± 0.25,0.45 ± 0.22; t = 0.556, 0.601; both P > 0.05). Persistent submacular fluid presents in both surgical procedures but it is more frequent after buckling surgery than vitrectomy, the selection of patients, the location of retinal breaks and the duration of detachment may be the potential influencing factors. Persistent submacular fluid after retinal detachment surgery is responsible for delayed recovery, and may affect the final visual outcome. The longer it lasts, the more harm may it do.

Objective To evaluate the changes in retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness and macular ganglion complex (GCC) parameters in patients with Leber hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON). Methods This was a case- control study. Patients diagnosed with LHON were enrolled after the mitochondriaI DNA mutation test was shown to be positive (G11778A, G3460A, T14484C). Thirty- two LHON patients (64 eyes) together with 60 normal volunteers were evaluated. Among them, 18, 22 and 24 eyes were found to be in the early, progressive, and late stages, respectively. The optic nerve head and macula of all patients were scanned by Fourier- domain optic coherence tomography (FD-OCT). The following six parameters were measured, including RNFL, macular GCC, superior GCC, inferior GCC thickness, focal loss of volume (FLV) and global loss of volume (GLV). Data were analyzed with one- way ANOVA and a Dunnettt- test when a pairwise comparison was needed. Results Early- stage patients had a thicker RNFL in the superior temporal (ST), temporal upper (TU), temporal lower (TL), inferior temporal (IT), inferior nasal (IN), superior and inferior quadrants, as well as the 360° average compared to the normal controls (P<0.05). Progressive- stage patients had a thinner RNFL only in the TU, TL and NL quadrants (P<0.05). Late-stage patients had a thinner RNFL in each quadrant as well as the 360° average compared to normal controls and early- stage and advancing cases (P<0.05). For macular GCC parameters, three parameters were reduced in LHON patients (average GCC, superior and inferior GCC thickness) (F=61.7, 39.5, 61.5, P<0.01) and there was an increase in two parameters (GLV and FLV) compared to the normal control group (F=29.6, 40.8, P<0.01). Conclusion RNFL thickness and macular GCC parameters in LHON patients show distinctive features at different disease stages as revealed by OCT parameters. These findings can improve the understanding of the pathogenic course of LHON. Key words: Optic atrophy, hereditary, Leber; Retinal ganglion cells; Tomography, optical coherence; Retinal nerve fibers layer