Cognitive radio wireless sensor network localization in an open field

Abstract

Localization in cognitive radios (CRs), especially in wireless sensor networks (WSNs), is an important technology nowadays. Many protocols and applications benefit from localization, which is called location-aware. In contrast to recently published research, equipping WSN nodes with a global position system (GPS) unit might not be that expensive nowadays. In addition, WSN constraints on power consumption and cost are considered a tradeoff with localization accuracy. Unlike conventional methods where localizing unknown nodes is dependant on anchor nodes far away with multi-hops. The proposed algorithms allow a portion of the WSN nodes population to be equipped with GPS receiver to lower the cost and power consumption (anchor nodes) while maintaining that each unknown node has a neighboring anchor. Neighboring anchor, that is far one hop from unknown nodes, broadcast their current locations to help unknown nodes with minimum localization error. Considering a system of 10 ∼ 50 anchors within 100 nodes uniformly distributed in an open field, We evaluate the performance of the Received Signal Strength Indicator(RSSI) with backward check algorithm. Our results show that the error in the neighboring nodes is less than 0.1 m while in non-neighboring nodes is less than 0.3 m.