Abstract

Geographers describe, predict, and explain human activity on the Earth. The concept of spatial behavior highlights the geographer's focus on the spatial and temporal aspects of this activity. An important way to understand spatial behavior is to understand the human thought and reasoning partially underlying it, including the subjective mental representations that people have about the world and themselves. This is known as cognitive geography. After reviewing basic concepts of cognition and empirical methods for studying cognition and spatial behavior, this entry discusses concepts, theories, and empirical research on cognitive maps and mapping, environmental spatial learning and development, navigation and orientation, distance and direction knowledge, cognition of cartographic maps and other geographic information displays, and natural language and space.

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