Code-Switching and Social Identity in NDX A.K.A Songs Entitled “Ngertenono Ati” and “Kimcil Kepolen”

The literature on the mixing of two languages in children bilingual from birth distinguishes code switching on different levels, switching within the same sentence or utterance (‘intra-sentential switching’, ‘intra-utterance switching’ following Genesee, Boivin & Nicoladis, 1996 : 428–429) and mixing between sentences or utterances in the same conversation (‘inter-sentential switching’, ‘inter-utterance switching’). This article presents a longitudinal study on inter-sentential switching, still rarely investigated, in four bilingual French-German children between the age of two and four years. The main goal is to detect the characteristics of such switching, to increase our understanding as to whether they are comparable to intra-sentential switching in terms of frequency and motivation. Inter-sentential switching is much more frequent than intra-sentential switching. Analysis of the data shows that inter-sentential switching is frequent in the weaker language of children classified as imbalanced bilinguals during the study. In contrast, inter-sentential switching is nearly absent in children who are balanced bilinguals. Results also show that inter-sentential switching does not generally follow the characteristics of code-switching, but rather depends on emotional and cognitive factors.

This research investigates the phenomenon of code-switching in naturalized Indonesian football players' Instagram captions, with a particular focus on how audience perceptions are affected. This research used Poplack's code-switching theory (1980) to analyze Instagram captions. This research used qualitative method to collect data from 2024 Instagram posts of naturalized football players. The research results show that 43 code-switching was found in naturalized Indonesian football players' Instagram captions. 21% are intra-sentential switching, and 79% are inter-sentential switching. Meanwhile, no tag switching is identified. A number of code-switching are dominated by inter-sentential code-switching. The 70 comments received from the audience were overwhelmingly positive, with 93% of respondents praising and supporting the players' adaptation to Indonesian culture. In conclusion, this research highlights the frequent use of code-switching in Instagram captions by naturalized Indonesian football players. This enables players to communicate more effectively and represent their diverse backgrounds, which positively shapes audience perception.

Vlogs are objects of linguistic studies that are by current developments, where linguistic problems also appear in human communication patterns in interacting on social media. This study aims to determine the types, factors, and functions of code-switching and code-mixing contained in Omer Kanan's vlog. This type of research is descriptive qualitative, with data collection techniques using observation, desk review, and note-taking techniques. The data analysis method uses data reduction, data presentation, and concluding. Analysis of code-switching data using Hymes theory, and code-mixing data analysis using Hoffman theory. The data source comes from 18 Omer Kanan vlogs with the following analysis results: The types of code-switching and code-mixing found were inter-sentential switching, intra-sentential switching, and emblematic switching. intra sentential code-mixing, intra lexical code-mixing, and involving change pronunciation. Factors found in the form of habit patterns and the relaxedness of the speaker in communicating, expanding the audience network, and the attitude of the speaker's religiosity. The code-switching functions found in the vlog are in the form of quotation, addressee specifications, interjection, reiteration, message qualification, and personalization. Meanwhile, the code-mixing functions found are talking about a particular topic, repetition use for clarification, and expressing group identity.

Vlogs are objects of linguistic studies that are by current developments, where linguistic problems also appear in human communication patterns in interacting on social media. This study aims to determine the types, factors, and functions of code-switching and code-mixing contained in Omer Kanan's vlog. This type of research is descriptive qualitative, with data collection techniques using observation, desk review, and note-taking techniques. The data analysis method uses data reduction, data presentation, and concluding. Analysis of code-switching data using Hymes theory, and code-mixing data analysis using Hoffman theory. The data source comes from 18 Omer Kanan vlogs with the following analysis results: The types of code-switching and code-mixing found were inter-sentential switching, intra-sentential switching, and emblematic switching. intra sentential code-mixing, intra lexical code-mixing, and involving change pronunciation. Factors found in the form of habit patterns and the relaxedness of the speaker in communicating, expanding the audience network, and the attitude of the speaker's religiosity. The code-switching functions found in the vlog are in the form of quotation, addressee specifications, interjection, reiteration, message qualification, and personalization. Meanwhile, the code-mixing functions found are talking about a particular topic, repetition use for clarification, and expressing group identity.

The use of two languages within a conversation has been known as code switching. This study analyzed the code switching phenomenon as found in Maudy Ayunda Music YouTube Channel. The goals are to analyze the types and functions of code switching. Poplack’s model (1980) is applied to identify the types of code switching; meanwhile, for the code switching function, it applied Appel & Muysken’s (1987) theory. The method of descriptive qualitative is used to identify the data. In collecting the data this study applied the observation method and note-taking techniques. Three chosen videos on Maudy Ayunda Music YouTube channel are used as the data source. Furthermore, the result of the study is presented in formal and informal method. All types of code switching were found; there were inter-sentential switching, tag switching and intra-sentential switching. And then, all functions of code switching also found; there were metalinguistic function, phatic function, directive function, poetic function, expressive function and referential function. Keywords: Code switching, YouTube, Maudy Ayunda

The aims of this study are to analyze the types of code switching by the teachers in EFL online teaching and learning process and to analyze the teachers’ reasons of the use code switching. This study was conducted by using descriptive qualitative design. The sources of this data were the two EFL teachers at SMAN 7 Medan. To collect the data, the researcher used zoom video recording platform to record the EFL teaching and learning process. Then, Teachers were interviewed after the teaching and learning process. There were three ways of action to analyze the data, they were data condensation, data display and conclusion drawing/verification. After analyzing the data, the researcher found that there were three types of code switching used by the teacher while teaching, namely intra-sentential switching, inter-sentential switching and tag switching. Inter-sentential switching was dominantly used by the teachers, meanwhile tag switching was the lower frequently used by teachers. In line with that, the researcher also found that there were five reasons why the teacher switched their language in EFL teaching and learning process, namely: to translating unknown vocabulary, to manage the classroom, to explain grammar, to emphasize some points, and to give empathy and solidarity.Keywords: Code switching, EFL teacher, intra-sentential switching, inter-sentential switching, tag-switching

Code switching is a prevalent sociolinguistic phenomenon observed in various communication settings, including literary works. This study explores the occurrence of code switching in the novel "Things Left Behind" by Kim SaeByoul and Jeon Ae Won. The research adopts a descriptive qualitative approach, utilizing Charlotte Hoffmann's theory to analyze the types and functions of code switching found in the novel. The data source comprises the text of "Things Left Behind," allowing for a comprehensive examination of language usage within the narrative. The study identifies three types of code switching present in the novel, namely inter-sentential switching, intra-sentential switching, and tag switching. Through careful analysis, it is revealed that code switching is purpose-driven and reflects the characters' social identities, emotions, and interpersonal relationships. The research findings highlight the significance of code switching as a means of effective communication, emphasizing its role in conveying emotions, establishing solidarity, and clarifying speech content. The research methodology employed observation as a data collection method, and the data analysis involved classifying the instances of code switching based on Hoffmann's theory. The results demonstrate that code switching is deliberately used by the characters to navigate diverse social contexts and to adapt their language use based on their communication partners. The characters' linguistic behaviors offer valuable insights into the sociolinguistic dynamics within the novel, enriching the storytelling and enhancing the portrayal of human emotions and connections.

This study aimed to analyze the types, social function, and the construction of speaker’s identity in code switching. This research used mixed (qualitative and quantitative) method by transcribing and analysing the videos to find out the types, social functions, and identity in code switching. The data were utterances uttered by participants in Indonesia’s Next Top Model cycle 2. The result of the study showed there were three types of code switching, intra-sentential switching, inter-sentential switching, and tag switching. The most dominant type was intra-sentential switching with 192 utterances, 41 utterances are inter-sentential switching, and 19 utterances for tag switching. Then five function of code switching found in this research, referential function with 3 utterances, directive function with 15 utterances, expressive function with 37 utterances, phatic function with 13 utterances, and metalinguistic function which most dominant function used by the speaker with 184 utterances. The construction of identity were divided into four categories, classification with 4 occurrences, relational identification with 15 occurrences, physical identification with 8 occurrences, and functionalization with 34 occurrences.

Songs can be a media to uses code switching, and there are a lot of this kind of songs in Indonesia. So to help in better understanding of code switching, the analysis of code switching and in Indonesian song must be done. The objective of this research was to describe the type of code switching that were found in some Indonesian popular pop songs from 2000’s – 2010’s and to explain the cause of code switching in Indonesian popular pop songs from 2000’s – 2010’s. The research used content analysis design. The main research instrument was the researcher herself. The object of the data was the song lyric of seven songs that represented pop songs in 2000's - 2010's. To collect the data, the researcher used content analysis technique. Based on the analysis there were 32 data of types of code switching and its causes. There are three types of code switching based on poplack’s theory that are found. The first types of code switching that were found was tag switching with one data. Second, inter-sentential switching with 26 data which is the types of code switching that is commonly found. The last is intra-sentential switching with 5 data. The cause of code switching found were 5 out of 7 causes of code switching based on hoffman’s theory with the most commonly found was talking about particular topic with 23 data. Quoting somebody else with 2 data, interjection only 1 data, repetition used for clarification with 2 data, and the last was intention of clarifying the speech content for interlocutor with 4 data. Since this research only investigate the types of code switching and the causes based on relevant theories. Therefore, the researcher suggests for other researcher who interested in this topic to also analyze code mixing or the impact of using code switching for listener. Keywords : Code Switching, The cause of code switching

The aims of this study to analyse the types and the reason of used code switching found in My Bastard Prince novel. This study used the theory proposed by Appel and Muysken (1987:118) to analysed the types of code switching and three types of code switching that occurs namely: tag switching, inter-sentential switching, and intra-sentential switching. meanwhile to analysed the reason of used code switching used the theory proposed by Hoffman (1991) and seven reasons are found namely: talking about particular topic, expressing feeling about something, expressing group identity, interjection, repetition used for clarification, quoting somebody else, and intention of clarifying the speech content for interlocutor. The most dominant type appear is inter-sentential switching and the less dominant is intra-sentential switching and descriptive qualitative method. Meanwhile for the dominant reason of the reason of code switching appear is expressing feeling about something, and for the less reason appear is repetition used for clarification.

This study focuses on how code switchings (CS) are used in the student-lecturer interaction in WhatsApp-based online learning. It specifically aims at investigating the types, the functions, and the most dominant types of CS used in the so-called interaction. 233 code-switched utterances from the students’ and the lecturer’s chats were collected as the primary source data. The chats took place during the online learning of the Academic Vocabulary and Corpus course from March to November 2020. For data analysis, the types of CS proposed by Poplack and the functions of CS by Eldridge and Flyman-Mattsson/Burenhut were endorsed. The results show that the analyzed data contain 3 types of code-switching that included tag switching (21 uses, 9%), intra-sentential switching (197 uses, 85%), and inter-sentential switching (15 uses, 6%). Intra-sentential switching is the most dominant type found in the conversation. During the interaction, the lecturer applied 3 functions of CS that included topic switch (46%), affective function (23%), and repetitive function (31%). Meanwhile, the students applied 4 functions of CS that included equivalence (28%), floor-holding (2%), reiteration (52%), and conflict-control (18%).

Code switching is a phenomenon which can be found in our daily conversations even both in written or spoken. Code switching refers to the use of two languages within a sentence or discourse. This study entitled Code Switching in Line Group Chatting used by English Students of English Department in Udayana University used qualitative and quantitative method. Three types of code switching proposed by Poplack (1980) and three main factor of code switching proposed by Holmes (2013). In order to analyze the factors of code switching, open-ended and close-ended questionnaire was given to the 18 English students in C class. There were 25 data which divided into tag switching, inter-sentential switching and intra-sentential switching. The type of code switching which mostly used by the English students is intra-sentential switching. According to the questionnaire, social factor such as participant, status, and solidarity have an important roles in influencing the code switching.

The aim of this research was to find out the type and reason of code switching on WhatsApp group of Putera Batam University. In collecting the data, the research applied observational method non-participatory technique. The data was analyzed by using the theory of Poplack (1980). The researchers applied the text in WhatsApp as the data. It was found 15 texts contain code switching. The data ware classified into three: tag switching, inter-sentential switching and intra-sentential switching. From the 15 text, intra-sentential switching were the most frequent type of code switching because WhatsApp group members often change language from Indonesian to English in only a few sentences that appear at the beginning, in the middle, and at the end of sentence. Code switching have ten reason using theory of Grosjean (1981). First, to fill the linguistic needs for lexical items, specify phrases, discourse markers, or sentence fillers. Second, to continue the last language used (trigger). Third, quote someone. Fourth, to determine the recipient. Fifth, to qualify the message: strengthen or emphasize. Sixth, to determine the involvement of the speaker (personal message). Seventh, to mark and emphasize group identity. Eighth, conveys confidentiality, anger, and harassment. Ninth, to exclude someone from conversation. Tenth, change the role of the speaker: Increase status, add authority, and show expertise. For reasons in the WhatsApp group only 3 of 10 kinds of reasons were found: to fill the linguistic needs for lexical items, to continue the last language used (triggered) and to determine speaker involvement.

This study investigates the characteristics of code-switching (CS) in a Chinese primary EFL classroom, focusing on frequency and types of teachers' CS, as well as teachers' and students' attitudes toward it. Data on CS characteristics were gathered from three English classes using recording pens. Attitudinal data were obtained from separate questionnaires for teachers and students. Qualitative data (which include characteristics) were analyzed using thematic coding, while quantitative data (which include attitudes) were processed using SPSS 27.0. Results indicate that Year 4 teachers engaged in CS more frequently. Three CS types were identified, with inter-sentential switching being the most frequent in classes, followed by tag switching and intrasentential switching. Both teachers and students shared a positive attitude towards CS used by teachers in class management, subject access, and relation building. In EFL classrooms, CS, particularly inter-sentential switching, should be used to support teachers in these aspects.

Despite several researches have been conducted to investigate the issue of code-switching and code mixing, the findings of this research are significant as they can assist both students and teachers to consider the use of code-switching and code mixing in classroom interaction, specifically in Indonesia. The aim of this research 1) to classify the type of code mixing and code switching that used by student in classroom interaction, 2) to interpret the function of code mixing and code switching that used by student in classroom interaction. This research employed descriptive qualitative method. Data collection instruments were the observation and interview. The data of type of code mixing were analyzed based on Hoffman’s theory, namely intra-sentential code mixing, intralexical code mixing and involving a change of pronunciation. The data of type of code switching were analyzed based on Poplack’s theory, namely inter-sentential switching, intra-sentential switching and tag switching. The most common used is inter-sentential switching and intra sential switching. The functions of code mixing and code switching were analyzed by Marsigan’s theory, namely, quotation, addressee specification, repetition, interjection, message qualification, personalization and objectivization, and facility of expression. The most usually function is facility of expression.