Cocaine and alcohol use preceding suicide in African American and white adolescents

Abstract

The goal of this investigation was to determine whether cocaine and ethanol use was a differentiating factor between African American and white teenage suicide victims. This is a retrospective analysis of medical examiner’s records of all completed suicides in Fulton County, GA from 01/1989 to 12/2003, and included 1296 cases. There were 79 suicide victims aged 19 and younger during the study interval, and of this group, 49 (62%) were African American, 26 (33%) were white, and 4 (5%) other race, compared to adults (20 ⩽ years) where 28.5% were African American, 68.6% white and 2.9% other race ( χ 2 = 42.678, d.f. = 2, p < 0.0001). Of the black teenaged victims, 82.2% had no cocaine or alcohol detected at autopsy, while 41.7% of the white victims were positive for one or both substance ( χ 2 = 4.633, d.f. = 1, p = 0.04). Only 8.9% of the black teenage suicide victims had used cocaine prior to death compared to 28% of the whites ( χ 2 = 4.432; d.f. = 1; p < 0.04). The suicide rate (suicide/100,000/year) for black teens was 5.48 compared to 4.16 for whites, but the rate of cocaine positive teen suicides was 1.12 for whites and 0.45 for blacks. The pattern of cocaine use changes dramatically in the adult group, with 27% of African American suicide victims compared to 7.7% of whites being positive ( χ 2 = 73.272; d.f. = 1; p < 0.001). Use of intoxicating substances does differentiate teenage suicide victims, as only a small proportion of black teenagers had used cocaine or alcohol prior to death compared to almost half of all whites.