Cobrotoxin-containing analgesic compound to treat chronic moderate to severe cancer pain: Results from a randomized, double-blind, cross-over study and from an open-label study

Abstract

Cobrotoxin produces intense analgesia but it has an onset of response of 1-3 h which hampers its clinical use in cancer pain. Recently, a compound analgesic formulation combining cobrotoxin, tramadol hydrochloride and ibuprofen (Compound Keluoqu, CKLQ) has become available in China. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical efficacy of CKLQ for moderate to severe cancer pain. A consecutive series of patients with chronic moderate to severe cancer pain was enrolled into two multicenter trials. Of the 230 eligible patients, 119 were assigned to a randomized, double-blind, cross-over study, while 111 entered an open-label study. They were all of Han-China nationality and had a mean age of 52.0 and 55.4 years and a mean body weight of 55.6 and 52.9 kg, respectively. A total of 11 patients discontinued the study, 6 (54.5%) because of insufficient pain relief and 5 due to the occurrence of adverse events. In the cross-over study, 59 patients were randomized to receive a CKLQ package with 2 CKLQ tablets (each containing 0.16 mg cobrotoxin, 25 mg tramadol hydrochloride and 50 mg ibuprofen) and 2 placebo capsules, a placebo package with 2 placebo tablets and 2 placebo capsules, and an active control package with 2 tramadol hydrochloride capsules (each containing 50 mg tramadol hydrochloride) and 2 placebo tablets (arm A), and 60 to receive a tramadol hydrochloride package, a placebo package and a CKLQ package (arm B), sequentially and only once. Patients in the open-label study only received CKLQ and were given the option to continue for up to 7 days as long as they had satisfactory pain relief. Pain response was classified as CR, PR and NC. CR was defined as 100% pain relief, with a pain score of 0 on a 0-10 VAS. PR was defined as decreased to mild pain, with a pain score of no more than 4 on a 0-10 VAS. NC was defined as pain that either remained unchanged or that was reduced from severe to moderate at baseline, with a VAS pain score of more than 4 after treatment. One hundred and eight patients completed the cross-over study with all the three drug units. The overall rate of pain relief was 93/111 (83.7%) for CKLQ, 75/110 (68.2%) for tramadol hydrochloride (P=0.011) and 39/111 (35.1%) for placebo (P<0.001). The mean duration of pain relief with CKLQ was significantly longer than that of the other two agents (P<0.001). Of the 35 patients who did not respond to tramadol hydrochloride, 27 (77.1%) responded to CKLQ, while of the 18 who did not respond to CKLQ, 8 (55.6%) achieved satisfactory pain control with tramadol hydrochloride. In the open-label study, the overall relief rate of a single-dose of CKLQ was 99/111 (89.2%). A reduction in the percentage of complete relief, an increase in that of PR and a significant decrease in duration of relief were observed after continuous treatment with at least 10 doses of CKLQ. The frequency of adverse events for CKLQ was similar to that of tramadol hydrochloride. The results of the randomized, double-blind, cross-over study and the open-label study of CKLQ in cancer patients with chronic moderate to severe cancer pain suggest that the CKLQ may be valuable for the treatment of chronic moderate to severe cancer pain. However, the tolerance of CKLQ remains to be further defined.