Coastal Community Empowerment Based on Local Wisdom and Technological Innovation for Climate Change Adaptation, Erosion Control, and Sustainable Ecotourism Development

Empowerment communication as a new approach in community empowerment with the spirit of voicing the voiceless, building the empowered, placing humans as subjects not objects. Contribute to the development process in the context of the diffusion of innovation as a means of modernization with the presence of information technology to make it easier. Powerlessness is a reflection of the failure of the human-centered development process. This study aims to identify and describe the communication of coastal community empowerment in Meunasah Asan East Aceh Village in increasing active participation in maintaining the mangrove ecosystem. Revealing socio-economic changes in the participatory development process as an illustration of the empowerment of coastal communities in maintaining mangrove ecosystems with an empowerment communication approach, communication actions based on local wisdom, social welfare and strengthening social capital. Data were collected through observation, interviews, focus group discussions and documentation. The results showed; when the community's mindset changes at the Gampong level in utilizing, maintaining the mangrove ecosystem is able to bring it to a different pattern of behavior than before. This change can be seen in the process of helping themselves to get out of the stigma as poor marginalized coastal communities by utilizing and maintaining the potential of mangroves and other coastal areas. Active participation shows the community's empowerment in communicating which drives a living condition based on the existence of religious values, norms, customs, culture as local wisdom that is mutually agreed to strengthen social welfare and social capital. Social capital works internally in the Meunasah Asan community in forming exclusive social ties as a social bridge with external parties who have relatively different characteristics. The pattern of relationships that occur is bound by trust, mutual understanding and shared values ​​that bind the community in acting together efficiently and effectively. The role of the community caring for mangroves is to create a public space for coastal communities to communicate, express, so as to foster mutual concern. Social groups as the most effective forum for empowerment enable individuals to organize themselves in groups so that a dialogical process occurs that fosters and strengthens mutual awareness.

This study aims to determine the Empowerment of Coastal Communities in Lakkang Island Tallo District Makassar City and the supporting and inhibiting factors for Empowering Coastal Communities in Lakkang Island, Tallo District, Makassar City. This study uses a qualitative approach. Data collection is done through observation techniques, interviews, and documentation. The data analysis technique used in this study is interactive data analysis through the stages: data condensation, data presentation, and conclusion testing.The results of this study indicate that the empowerment of coastal communities has been carried out and in accordance with the existing implementation stages and standards. This can be seen from several programs, namely socialization by the provincial and district governments initiated by the village government to improve the welfare of coastal communities. The impact of empowerment on community independence aims to build the independence of coastal communities on Lakkang Island and reduce community dependence on the government. As for the supporting factors in empowering the coastal communities of Langkakan Island, namely the concept of awareness has been built in carrying out all kinds of activities in accordance with existing laws. The inhibiting factors for the empowerment of the coastal community on Lakkang Island, Tallo sub-district, Makassar City, include limited capital, natural factors, facilities and infrastructure, lack of enthusiasm for tourism, lack of regular income, and lack of knowledge about the use of facilities.

The principle of the community empowerment program includes three things, namely from, for and by the community. Coastal communities have noble values that are held and inherited in the form of traditional learning. Community empowerment activities require a kind of redesign with an indigenous learning approach to better ensure community participation with accompanying local wisdom. The research activity was carried out with the aim of describing the community's indigenous learning patterns which included participation in planning, implementing and evaluating empowerment program activities as an effort to adapt to climate change in the Coastal Region of Jember. This study uses a qualitative approach with descriptive methods to examine objects that describe how the indigenous learning of coastal communities in dealing with climate change in the Coastal area. The results showed that the indigenous learning of coastal communities was carried out through learning stages based on the experiences of coastal communities which were then reflected so that it became a conception of climate change adaptation activities carried out in a participatory manner on vegetation and waste management in the Payangan Coastal Area.

Mangroves are believed to stabilize the coastlines by controlling erosion and facilitating sediment deposition. Coastal managers often plant mangroves to counter coastal erosion. The state of Gujarat in West India has planted thousands of hectares of mangroves over the years, and control of coastal erosion has been one of the prime reasons of plantation. This study performed a statistical assessment of the effect of the planted mangroves on the coastline changes in the state from 1990 to 2013. The study utilized geographic information system and remote sensing data to demarcate the areas under erosion and accretion during this period, and then compared these changes with the change in mangrove cover using statistical models. This cross-sectional analysis was conducted at the level of a tehsil, an administrative unit below a district. The results show that mangrove plantation did not decrease erosion, not even after normalizing the coastline changes by the length of the coastline and using controls for physical and anthropogenic features of the tehsils. Tehsils with increased mangrove cover witnessed both increased erosion and accretion, although the latter was much higher. The geophysical features of the area appeared to be the main determinants of coastline changes in Gujarat.

Sustainable ecotourism development needs participation, participatory communication, and local wisdom. A participatory communication strategy needs to be implemented so that the community is willing to accept the policy and get involved in developing and maintaining these tourist destinations. Communication must be dialogical and symmetrical, and decision-making must be participatory by considering local wisdom. This study uses participatory communication theory. The study uses a qualitative approach with a case study method. Data collection uses literature studies, in-depth interviews, and FGDs. Informants in the study were selected using a purposive sampling technique. The research findings show that participatory communication in ecotourism planning and development includes Dialogue, Heteroglossia, Polyphony, and Carnival. Meanwhile, the model of community participation is empowered participation. Ecotourism based on local wisdom can increase community participation and build participatory communication. Optimizing ecotourism based on local wisdom can help increase people's income and maintain nature conservation and cultural preservation.

Sustainability communication practices based on local wisdom in building awareness and increasing community involvement in ecotourism management in Waturaka village, Ende Regency, are essential for building ecotourism. Local wisdom is important to sustainability communication because the Waturaka community is still traditional and highly upholds cultural values. This research aims to identify a sustainable communication model for ecotourism development in Waturaka village and identify the role of local wisdom in sustainable ecotourism development. The research uses sustainability communication, ecotourism, and local wisdom concepts. This study utilizes a qualitative approach employing the case study method. Data collection used observations, in-depth interviews, and FGDs. The results showed that horizontal, persuasive, participatory sustainability communication is used to communicate issues: (1) cultural preservation, (2) environmental preservation, (3) tourism promotion, (4) village community-based ecotourism, and (5) education for tourists. Local wisdom in the form of the “Pire” tradition, the Gawi Dance, and the cultural ritual “Pati Ka Dua Bapu Ata Mata” contribute to sustainability communication. In ecotourism development, Interpersonal and group communication carried out by various elements of society can run harmoniously and inclusively. Sustainability communication has an impact on changes in the behaviour of all stakeholders.

Coastal communities play an important role in marine and fisheries development, as well as forming a culture in coastal areas. The socio-economic life of coastal communities in Kolakaasi Sub-District of Kolaka District is far from prosperous as the data obtained from Badan Pusat Statistik of Kolaka (2015), the number of poor population in Kolaka reached 27,210 with the percentage of 14.68%. Partners in this IbM activity are teenagers who drop out of school environments and groups of housewives living in coastal areas. The problem of partners in the activities of IbM is the number of teenagers dropping out of school in the partner environment due to the low level of welfare of coastal communities so that the average level of the highest education is junior high school where the young women have to help the family economy by working as laborers in traditional markets of Kolaka or only help parents at home while the men work at sea. Fishing is highly dependence to the nature, so that if the weather is bad then the fishermen cannot gain income. IbM-Integrated Farm by making "POC-FISH" is the manufacture of liquid organic fertilizer that combines agricultural activities with fisheries. POC-FISH is mad of small fish, commonly called lure fish (teri) by Kolaka community. This type of fish is abundant in Kolaka and sold cheaply (R.p 5,000/Kg). The purpose of this IbM activity was the empowerment of coastal communities through the transfer of science and technology by utilizing local potentials so that the partners involved can begin to be productive and economically independent by conducting business on a household scale. The method of making POC - FISH will be carried out simply so that technology transfer can be easily understood by partners. The process of transfer of science and technology was carried out with the pattern of 1) the education of the partner group on the importance of technology adoption by utilizing the potential and local wisdom that will be able to produce a product with higher economic/selling value 2) POC-FISH making training 3) mentoring partner group in marketing 4) monitoring and evaluation. The outgoing plan of this IbM activity is the publication of the ISSN national journal published in 2017 and POC-FISH Products

Livelihood system protection and rural coastal community empowerment are necessary due to numerous issues regarding sustainable welfare that require programs and policies that could enhance livelihood system quality and economic power. This study elaborates on how the efforts of livelihood system protection and coastal community empowerment in Indonesia are implemented at the local level (region). The discussion will indicate how protection and empowerment can be done and their dynamics. How is the evidence of these efforts and how coastal communities can achieve sustainable welfare, especially in Banten Province. The study employs a qualitative descriptive method. Data are analyzed from policy documents, statistical data, and other secondary data. The research results suggest that the livelihood system protection intended provides support and assistance to address issues related to the livelihood system of the coastal village communities. Overcoming the existing issues requires capacity building and community skills to better economic activities. Capacity building is conducted by implementing empowerment and parties that perform the protection and empowerment must be the state, regional government, and related stakeholders. This, however, also requires the participatory will of the communities. The provision of facilities and infrastructures needed for coastal economic activities must be the priority and is followed by how to provide sustainability for all livelihood systems in the coastal villages. The livelihood system will have sustainability if the coastal village communities possess the capacities to develop the economy innovatively, creatively, and profitably based on the conditions of the natural resources, coastal potential, spatial plans, the defined coastal zone, regional technical skills, culture, institutions, and coastal economic conditions

This paper investigates indigenous communities’ attitudes towards sustainable ecotourism development in Olumirin Waterfall Southwestern Nigeria. A field survey via structured questionnaire was conducted on 150 village respondents living in the vicinity of Olumirin waterfall of which fifty questionnaires were randomly distributed to each of the three communities that were purposively selected. This is also complemented by observation during field survey. The data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Result showed that awareness and knowledge of ecotourism was high in the communities. Majority (94%) of the sampled population have positive attitude towards ecotourism activities in Olumirin waterfall, exhibit great appreciation of the existence of the waterfall and are interested in the continuity of the site as ecotourism attraction. Negative attitude have a minority perspective as tourists activities was not devoid of problems such as pollution, overcrowding and cultural diffusion. Gender (χ 2 =14.11, p<0.05), Education ((χ 2 =32.87, p<0.05), and occupation ((χ 2 =64.4, p<0.05), were significantly related to respondents perception of ecotourism development in Olumirin waterfall. Responses for positive attitude are larger as compared to the negative attitudes in the study site because the contribution of ecotourism activities towards economic enhancement of the rural people is high. However, effective regulation and proper planning is essential in order to enhance the sustainability of ecotourism in Olumirin waterfall while local people’s active involvement at different level of ecotourism development is vital in ensuring its success. Key Words: Local communities, waterfall, awareness, attitude, involvement, ecotourism

Coastal erosion and accretion have emerged as a significant geological and environmental concern to numerous coastal communities of the Niger Delta. To investigate these phenomena, this study utilized Landsat imagery data from the United States Geological Survey (USGS) and geospatial technique (ArcGIS 10.6) for the data analysis. This research is particularly focused on the coastline dynamics in Sagbama communities over a span of 30 years (from 1991 to 2021). The results show that during the 1991-2001 period, approximately 8.88km2 of the coastal area experienced erosion, while 12.01km2 underwent accretion. Moving to 2001-2011, the erosion rate was 8.18km2 , with 16.47km2 of accretion observed during the same time frame. Subsequently, from 2011 to 2021, the erosion-affected area decreased to 7.71km2 , accompanied by 8.29km2 of accretion. The study’s findings bear significant implications for policymakers and environmentalists, offering vital insights to devise effective strategies for mitigating erosion and fostering sustainable land use practices. Understanding the patterns of erosion and accretion is crucial for developing measures to safeguard coastal communities and their ecosystems in the face of ongoing environmental changes.

Mount Lawu region has abundant resources consisting of diverse flora and fauna which have the potentials to be developed as ecotourism attractions. It has also cultural sites containing local wisdom. As the area is a fragile ecosystem, it needs appropriate planning for green management and development. This research aims at: (1) exploring the planning concept for managing and developing ecotourism in the region; (2) analyzing the spatial distribution of ecotourism facilities to support sustainable management, and (3) creating a foundation for designing a new spatial planning model for ecotourism development in Mount Lawu region. Mapping method using geographic information system (GIS), spatial analysis, and interactive analysis were employed as analytical lenses. Research findings reveal that ecotourism management planning in Mount Lawu region has not optimized the function of spaces. Even though ecotourism has developed in the region for several years, the appropriate usage of spaces has not been taken into account by stakeholders. Essential facilities of ecotourism including space for interpretation have not been provided. This study highlights the significance of spatial planning to manage and develop sustainable mountain ecotourism in Mount Lawu region by mapping out the resources and facilities to support planning and decision making. It is in line with several models proposed by some researchers which suggest the importance of analyzing the available spaces for sustainable ecotourism management and development.

Environmental and climatic changes are disproportionately felt in coastal communities, where drivers of coastline change are complicated with continued development. This study analyzed the coastline change of Lake Ontario in the Town of Lincoln, Ontario, Canada, using a mixed-methods two-phased approach that is novel to the study area. The first phase of the methodology included a coastline change analysis using historical aerial photographs in a geographic information system to identify the most vulnerable sections of the coastline. To better understand the calculated changes, the second phase explored the roles of select climatic and non-climatic drivers of coastline change, such as historic storms and land use changes. The results indicated that four main areas of Lincoln’s coast were more vulnerable, with rates of erosion between −0.32 and −0.66 m/yr between 1934 and 2018. Sections of coastline that had less erosion included those that were more heavily vegetated, attempted a cooperative protection approach, or utilized revetment stones in areas without steep banks. This methodology can help municipalities understand coastline change in a more holistic way to increase their adaptive capacity and allows for the creation of useful visualizations that better communicate to residents and town staff the level of vulnerability of their coasts.

Pati Regency has a coastline of 60 km with a characteristic muddy beach. The coastal community in Pati Regency is very dependent on coastal and marine products, so it needs to be preserved. A decrease in coastal environment quality can be indicated by looking at the mangrove of quality plants. The Government of Pati Regency carries out regular mangrove planting to improve the quality of life in the coastal environment, but there is no supervision. This study uses remote sensing technology and GIS to determine the relationship between changes in mangrove plant density and changes in coastlines in Pati Regency from 2017 to 2020. This study uses remote sensing methods using the NDWI water index transformation method to determine the shoreline from Sentinel-2-year image. 2017-2020, MSL reduction using DEMNAS and MSL, then processed with a Geographical Information System using DSAS to obtain the results of shoreline changes (NSM) as well as guided classifications for land cover and vegetation indexes NDVI and GNDVI which are used to map mangrove vegetation density on the coast of the Pati Regency. The results showed that the average change in the coastline in Pati Regency has increased by 22,260 m. Changes in the area of mangroves on the coast of Pati Regency have increased by 86.634 hectares. The results also showed that the relationship between changes in mangrove density and shoreline changes on the coast of Pati Regency used simple linear regression with the coefficient of determination (R2) of 0,089 and the correlation coefficient (R) of 0,299. These results indicate a correlation enough. The calculation of the F test to determine changes in mangrove density with changes in shoreline has a significant effect, so that if the value of mangrove density is higher, changes in shoreline will tend to increase (accretion).

With the advancement of recent technologies, various methods have evolved in response to the rising demand for 2-D/3- D mapping in Geographical Information Systems (GIS). Although there are different traditional methods for 3-D mapping, they are time-consuming, provide low accuracy, and involve complex processes. Therefore, point cloud data technology based on laser and photo scanning is gaining popularity in 3-D mapping data on construction sites. Preparing a 3-D map with more details requires a high-quality laser scan with greater accuracy. The purpose of this study is to prepare the 3-D map and assess and compare the horizontal and height accuracy of point, line, or polygon features using a Total Station (TS)/Smart Station (SS), Differential Global Positioning System (DGPS), and Terrestrial Laser Scanner (TLS). Furthermore, the accuracy provided by the tools used has been assessed for 2-D/ 3-D mapping at large scales, such as 1:500 or 1:1000. The coordinates for the polygon feature, line feature, and point feature were measured using DGPS, Smart Station, and TLS. The comparative planimetric and height accuracy of georeferenced point cloud data collected using TLS has been compared with SS and DGPS data collected from the field survey. The outcome of the present study demonstrated that the horizontal and vertical accuracy of 1 mm and 33 cm for horizontal and vertical had been achieved using a terrestrial laser scanner compared with the smart station, while comparing smart station with differential global positioning system, the observed differences is 1 mm in horizontal and maximum of 12.0 m in vertical measurements. Finally, the overall expended time on the reference network using SS consumed more data acquisition and post-processing time i.e., about 2 hours 30 minutes, than other advanced instruments, such as DGPS and TLS.

Vulnerability to coastal erosion in The Gambia: Empirical experience from Gunjur