Abstract
An outbreak of respiratory illness, officially named Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), has spread rapidly worldwide. The domestic situation has been controlled, now the resumption of production and work as well as people's normal life has been accelerating. We focused this article on laboratory changes in the infection confirmed case of COVID-19 hospitalized to clarify the immune characterizations and coagulation system. Coagulation dysfunction is common in patient with COVID-19, especially fibrinogen and APTT, and the degree of elevation is related to immune characteristics. As the disease recovers, fibrinogen, APTT and CD8+ T cells also return to normal.
Highlights
COVID-19 is caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection and was first reported in central China on 30th December 2019 [1]
The most effective response against a variety of viral infections is the activation of the cellular immune response especially T cell activation
CD8+ cytotoxic T cells (CTLs) by secreting a number of molecules, including perforin, granzyme, and interferons (IFNs) can eliminate viruses from the host body [4]. Lymphocytes and their subsets play an important role in the maintenance of immune system function
Summary
COVID-19 is caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection and was first reported in central China on 30th December 2019 [1]. The subsets of CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, B cells, and natural killer (NK) cells play an important role in the maintenance of immune system function. Alteration in the subsets varies with different virus types, indicating a potential association between lymphocyte subset alteration and viral pathogenic mechanisms [4]. CD4+ and CD8+ T cells expression are interfered with via viral infection and can play crucial roles in the control of virus replication and the outcome of patients [3]. Coagulopathy in SARS-CoV-2 infection has been shown to be associated with high mortality, with elevated D-dimer levels and fibrinogen, those being important markers for the coagulopathy. A comparative analysis between survivors and non-survivors COVID-19 patients revealed significantly longer PT and APTT compared to survivors on admission [6]
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