Abstract
Atmospheric concentrations of carbon dioxide (CO2), a major cause of global warming, have been rising due to industrial development. Carbon capture and storage (CCS), which is regarded as the most effective way to reduce such atmospheric CO2 concentrations, has several environmental and technical disadvantages. Carbon capture and utilization (CCU), which has been introduced to cover such disadvantages, makes it possible to capture CO2, recycling byproducts as resources. However, CCU also requires large amounts of energy in order to induce reactions. Among existing CCU technologies, the process for converting CO2 into CaCO3 requires high temperature and high pressure as reaction conditions. This study proposes a method to fixate CaCO3 stably by using relatively less energy than existing methods. After forming NaOH absorbent solution through electrolysis of NaCl in seawater, CaCO3 was precipitated at room temperature and pressure. Following the experiment, the resulting product CaCO3 was analyzed with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR); field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) image and X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns were also analyzed. The results showed that the CaCO3 crystal product was high-purity calcite. The study shows a successful method for fixating CO2 by reducing carbon dioxide released into the atmosphere while forming high-purity CaCO3.
Highlights
Increases in energy consumption due to population growth and industrial development have had a large effect on global warming by raising carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations in the atmosphere [1].CO2 is one of the six major gases causing global warming (CO2, CH4, N2O, HFCs, PFCs, SF6) [2], accounting for an estimated 80% of the greenhouse gases by amount [3]
The NaOH produced through electrolysis satisfied the reaction conditions through pH control, after which reaction took place over 2–3 h with CaCl2 in feed solution form, representing a substantial reduction in reaction time over naturally-occurring CaCO3 composite reaction
This study proved that CaCO3 could be stably formed by absorbing CO2 at normal room temperature and pressure conditions
Summary
Increases in energy consumption due to population growth and industrial development have had a large effect on global warming by raising carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations in the atmosphere [1]. Damen et al [11] reported on five types of risks for underground carbon dioxide storage (CO2 and CH4 leakage, seismicity, ground movement, displacement of brine) [12] In addition to these problems, according to Mazzoldi et al [12], there is a possibility of CO2 leakage caused by corrosion or external damage of pipeline of high-pressure transportation system, which was reported in the oil industry literature [13]. For optimal CO2 reduction, methods that (1) satisfy environmental considerations by addressing possible CO2 leaks, and (2) reduce energy consumption compared to existing carbonation processes conducted at high-temperature and in high-pressure conditions must be devised. This study may find its significance in overcoming the problems of existing CO2 reduction technologies (CCS and CCU technology) by stably fixating CO2 at room temperature and room pressure with relatively less energy, while producing a metal carbonate to generate income
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