Abstract
Melanoma antigen gene (MAGE)-A6 and MAGE-A11 are two of the most cancer-testis antigens overexpressed in various types of cancers. However, the clinical and prognosis value of MAGE-A6 and MAGE-A11 co-expression in the pathophysiology of the bladder is unknown. Three studies were selected from GEO databases in order to introduce the common genes that are involved in bladder cancer. Then immunohistochemical analysis for staining pattern and clinicopathological significance of suggested markers, MAGE-A6 and MAGE-A11, were performed in 199 and 213 paraffin-embedded bladder cancer with long adjacent normal tissues, respectively. A significant and positive correlation was found between both nuclear and cytoplasmic expressions of MAGE-A6 as well as expression of cytoplasmic MAGE-A11 with histological grade, PT stage, lamina propria invasion, and LP/ muscularis (L/M) involvement (all of the p-values in terms of H-score were < 0.0001). Additionally, significant differences were found between both nuclear and cytoplasmic MAGE-A6/MAGE-A11 phenotypes with tumor size (P = 0.007, P = 0.043, respectively), different histological grades, PT stage, LP involvement, and L/M involvement (all of the p-values for both phenotypes were < 0.0001). The current study added the value of these novel markers to the bladder cancer clinical settlement that might be considered as an admirable target for immunotherapy.
Highlights
Melanoma antigen gene (MAGE)-A6 and MAGE-A11 are two of the most cancer-testis antigens overexpressed in various types of cancers
Based on three studies reporting on Bladder cancer (BC), we became interested in melanoma antigens genes-A6 (MAGE-A6) and melanoma antigens genes-A11 (MAGE-A11)
We selected the MAGE-A gene family that is expressed at a high frequency in various tumors
Summary
Melanoma antigen gene (MAGE)-A6 and MAGE-A11 are two of the most cancer-testis antigens overexpressed in various types of cancers. The current study added the value of these novel markers to the bladder cancer clinical settlement that might be considered as an admirable target for immunotherapy. Bioinformatics analysis evaluation was introduced as an innovative novel approach in the field of biomarker discovery with relatively limited resources[11] This progress relies on an interplay between high throughput experimentation and analysis technologies that can be applied in molecular pathology[12]. A growing number of studies reported by our and other groups illustrate the MAGE-A antigens as promising prognostic markers and appropriate targets for cancer immunotherapy, owing to their involvement in a wide range of oncogenic procedures[13,14,15,16]. MAGE-A proteins act as transcriptional co-regulators in the progression of tumors through interaction with transcription factors[21]
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