Co-exposure to triclosan and polystyrene nanoplastics on neurodevelopmental toxicity and gut microbiota dysbiosis in zebrafish (Danio rerio).

Nanoplastics induce neuroexcitatory symptoms in zebrafish (Danio rerio) larvae through a manner contrary to Parkinsonian's way in proteomics

Graphene oxide (GO) features distinctive physical and chemical characteristics; therefore, it has been intensively investigated in environmental remediation as a promising material for clean-up of soil contamination and water purification and used as immobilization material. Plastic is a widespread pollutant, and its breakdown products such as nanoplastics (NPs) should be evaluated for potential harmful effects. This study is aimed to evaluate the influence of GO on the toxicity of polystyrene (PS) NPs to the marine microalgae Picochlorum sp. over a period of 4weeks. The capability of GO to reduce the toxic effects of PS NPs was assessed through investigating exposure sequence of GO in the presence of 20nm diameter-sized polystyrene NPs. This was accomplished through five test groups: microalgae pre-exposed to GO prior to incubation with PS NPs, microalgae post-exposed to GO after incubation with PS NPs, microalgae simultaneously exposed to GO and PS NPs, and individual exposure of microalgae to either GO or PS NPs. Cytotoxicity assay results demonstrated that microalgae pre-exposed to GO prior to incubation with PS NPs showed an increased viability and chlorophyll a content. The pre-exposure to GO has reduced the growth inhibition rate (IR) from 50%, for microalgae simultaneously exposed to GO and PS NPs, to 26%, for microalgae pre-exposed to GO. Moreover, the lowest level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was recorded for microalgae exposed to GO only and microalgae pre-exposed to GO. Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) observations revealed some morphological changes of both algae and their extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) upon GO and PS NPs exposure combinations. The sequence of GO exposure to aquatic microorganisms might affect the level of harm caused by the PS NPs. Therefore, application of GO as part of an immobilization material and in the removal of pollutants from water should be carefully investigated using different pollutants and aquatic organisms.

Polystyrene nanoplastics are unlikely to aggregate in freshwater bodies.

Adsorption behavior of triclosan on polystyrene nanoplastics: The roles of particle size, surface functionalization, and environmental factors

Short-term developmental effects and potential mechanisms of azoxystrobin in larval and adult zebrafish (Danio rerio)

Effect of different polystyrene nano-plastic concentrations on Chlorella pyrenoidosa

Strategies for the quantification and characterization of nanoplastics in AOPs research

Short term exposure to polystyrene nanoplastics in mice evokes self-regulation of glycolipid metabolism

Hydrophobicity-driven self-assembly of nanoplastics and silver nanoparticles for the detection of polystyrene microspheres using surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy

The potential health risks posed by the coexistence of nanoplastics (NPs) and triclosan (TCS) have garnered significant attention. However, the effects and underlying mechanisms of NPs and TCS on key functional proteins at the molecular level remain poorly understood. This study reports the effect of polystyrene nanoplastics (PSNPs) on the binding of TCS to human serum albumin (HSA) using multispectral methods and molecular simulation systems. The experimental results show that TCS significantly inhibits HSA esterase activity, with exacerbating inhibition in the presence of PSNPs, which is attributed to the alteration of HSA conformation and microenvironment of the amino acid residues induced by PSNPs. Molecular docking and site marker competitive studies indicate that TCS predominantly binds to site I of subdomain Sudlow II and the presence of PSNPs does not affect the binding sites. Spectra analyses indicate that the quenching mechanism between TCS and HSA belongs to the static quenching type and the presence of PSNPs does not change the fluorescence quenching type. The HSA fluorescence quenching and the conformational alterations induced by TCS are further enhanced in the presence of PSNPs, indicating that PSNPs enhance the binding of TCS to HSA by making TCS more accessible to the binding sites. This study provides valuable information about the toxicity of PSNPs and TCS in case of co-exposure.

Enhanced hepatic metabolic perturbation of polystyrene nanoplastics by UV irradiation-induced hydroxyl radical generation

Clay minerals limit nanoplastic uptake in wheat plant.

Extraction and quantification of polystyrene nanoplastics from biological samples

Combined effects of bacteria and antibiotics on surface properties and transport of nanoplastics in porous media

Effects of inorganic ions and natural organic matter on the aggregation of nanoplastics