Abstract
Kidney cancer is the seventh most common neoplasm and is more frequent in males. The exact etiology of this disease is unknown, although its relationship to tobacco and obesity has been established. Two percent are hereditary; they are associated with genetic syndromes such as Von Hippel–Lindau disease. Fifty percent are diagnosed as incidental imaging findings when conducting imaging tests for other reasons. Clear cell renal cell carcinoma is the most frequent histology. It is staged according to the AJCC's TNM staging system and based on a risk evaluation (low, intermediate, or high according to the MSKCC scale). The treatment of localized kidney cancer is eminently surgical and, based on current studies, there is no evidence for adjuvant therapy. Treatment of advanced disease is based on immunotherapy and tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) according to each patient's risk group.
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