Clustering the Depression Prevalence in Indonesia Provinces through Natural Breaks Jenks Method.

Community-based mental health studies have revealed that the point prevalence of depressive disorders in the elderly population of the world varies between 10% and 20%, depending on cultural situations. A retrospective study based on analysis of various study reports was conducted, to determine the median prevalence rates of depressive disorders in the elderly population of India and various other countries in the world. All the studies that constituted the sample were conducted between 1955 and 2005. Included are only community-based, cross-sectional surveys and some prospective studies that had not excluded depression at baseline. These studies were conducted on a homogenous community of the elderly population in the world, who were selected by a simple random sampling technique. After applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria on published and indexed articles, 74 original research studies that surveyed a total of 487 275 elderly individuals, in the age group of 60 years and above, residing in various parts of the world, were included for the final analysis. The median prevalence rate and its corresponding interquartile range were calculated. The chi-square test and chi-square for linear trend were applied. A P value of <.05 was considered as statistically significant. The median prevalence rate of depressive disorders in the world for the elderly population was determined to be 10.3% (interquartile range [IQR], 4.7%-16.0%). The median prevalence rate of depression among the elderly Indian population was determined to be 21.9% (IQR, 11.6%–31.1%). Although there was a significant decrease in the trend of world prevalence of geriatric depression, it was significantly higher among Indians, in recent years, than the rest of the world.

Prevalence of Depression in Patients With Chest Pain and Non-Obstructive Coronary Artery Disease

Letter to the editor. Healthcare workers on the edge of sanity due to COVID-19: Rapid review of the results of systematic reviews and meta-analyzes

Prevalence of anxiety and depression in South Asia during COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Background: Testosterone (TT) and dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate (DHEAS) are neurosteroids and their deficiencies constitute the hormone risk factors promoting the development of depression in elderly otherwise healthy men. We investigated the link between hypogonadism and depression in accordance with age and concomitant diseases in men with systolic HF using the novel scale previously dedicated for elderly population.Methods: We analysed the prevalence of depression and severity of depressive symptoms in population of 226 men with systolic HF (40–80 years) compared to 379 healthy peers. The severity of depression was assessed using the Polish long version of Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS).Results: In men aged 40–59 years the severity of depressive symptoms was greater in NYHA classes III–IV compared to NYHA classes I–II and reference group. In men aged 60–80 years depressive symptoms were more severe in NYHA class III-IV compared to controls (all p ≤ 0.001). In multivariate logistic regression model in men aged 40–59 years advanced NYHA class was associated with higher prevalence of mild depression (OR = 2.14, 95%CI: 1.07–4.29) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) with higher prevalence of severe depression (OR = 69.1, 95%CI: 2.11–2264.3). In men aged 60–80 years advanced NYHA class and TT deficiency were related to higher prevalence of mild depression (respectively: OR = 2.9, 95%CI: 1.3–6.4; OR = 3.6, 95%CI: 1.2–10.63).Conclusion: TT deficiency, COPD and advanced NYHA class were associated with higher prevalence of depression in men with systolic HF.

Depression in adolescents and young adults with heavy menstrual bleeding in a referral clinic setting.

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is an emerging health problem in both developed and developing countries. Depression, anxiety and sleep disturbances are highly prevalent in patients with chronic disease, but remain undertreated despite significant negative consequences on patients' health. Assessment of key components of mental health early in disease course will help to identify high risk subjects in whom modifying these predictors will help in providing active and healthy life in CKD patients. We did a cross sectional study in 200 patients of CKD stage III to V-D fulfilling the eligibility criteria who were on follow up in a single tertiary care center in the state of Haryana, India. We assessed the prevalence of anxiety, depression and insomnia and their correlation with demographic variables in these patients. The structured questionnaire used in this study gathered information on respondent demographic and disease characteristics, and information obtained from the HADS and PSQI questionnaire. Factors associated with anxiety, depression and insomnia were examined by a multiple logistic regression analysis. The prevalence of anxiety, depression and insomnia were found to be 71%, 69% and 86.5% respectively. As the CKD stage advanced, the prevalence as well as severity of these parameters increased. Anxiety, depression and sleep quality were found to be significantly correlated to unemployment, low income, low education, urban residence and presence of co-morbidities. The anxiety, depression and insomnia scores were found to have a strong negative correlation with eGFR, hemoglobin, serum calcium (p <0.01) and a positive correlation with TLC, blood urea, serum creatinine and serum phosphate (p <0.05). We observed a high prevalence of anxiety, depression and insomnia in CKD patients. There is a need to develop strategies to accurately identify "high risk" subjects who may benefit from preventive measures before complications occur. By identifying CKD patients with high risk of developing these mental health related issues, healthcare provider may be better able to ensure the provision of appropriate rehabilitation to this population.

BackgroundThe COVID‐19 pandemic has had a significant impact on mental health. Specifically, the stringent lockdown restrictions have heightened anxiety and depression. Therefore, monitoring and supporting the mental health of the population during these unprecedented times is an immediate priority.MethodsIn this systematic review and meta‐analyses, articles that explored the prevalence of anxiety and depression during the first COVID‐19 lockdown in the United Kingdom were included. We searched the databases Embase, Medline (PubMed), Web of Science, and PsycINFO for cross‐sectional studies. We conducted meta‐analyses of prevalence rates using a random‐effects model, and the heterogeneity of studies was examined using the I 2 index.ResultsFourteen studies involving 46,158 participants were included in the review. The studies use clinical cut‐off scores on anxiety and depression measures to define cases. While the prevalence of anxiety was 31.00% (95% CI = 26.00 to 35.00), the prevalence of depression was 32.00% (95% CI = 29.00 to 35.00). The prevalence of anxiety pre‐pandemic was 4.65%, indicating a 26.35% increase. Whereas the prevalence of depression pre‐pandemic was 4.12%, indicating a 27.88% increase. Moreover, participants experienced a slightly greater prevalence of depression than anxiety by 1.00%.ConclusionsTo conclude, the first COVID‐19 lockdown in the United Kingdom increased the prevalence of anxiety and depression among the general population, compared to pre‐pandemic data. Hence, it is vital that policymakers and mental health services maximize their efforts to monitor mental health and provide interventions to support those in need.Practitioner points Clinical implications Awareness of the high prevalence of anxiety and depression during the first lockdown in the United Kingdom can inform policy development that substantial effort, time, and funding of mental health services are required to support those in need.Similarly, awareness of the prevalence of anxiety and depression in the United Kingdom can contribute to the development of nation‐specific interventions and initiatives. Limitations The current review focuses on the UK general population which does not allow the findings to be generalized to the global population.The indirect comparison of the current prevalence rates with the corresponding pre‐pandemic prevalence rates obtained from a different study sample increases individual differences, weakening the reliability of the findings.

This study assessed the prevalence, diagnosis, and treatment of major depressive disorder and generalized anxiety disorder among New York City adults. As part of the first community-specific Health and Nutrition Examination Survey in the United States, depression and anxiety were assessed in a representative sample of 1,817 noninstitutionalized adults in 2004. A total of 8% had major depressive disorder and 4% had generalized anxiety disorder. Respondents with depression were more likely to be formerly married, publicly insured, younger, and U.S. born. Only 55% of adults with depression were diagnosed, and 38% of those with depression or anxiety were in treatment; individuals with a diagnosis of depression were more likely to receive treatment than those without a diagnosis (61% versus 7%; p<.001). Immigrants with depression were 60% less likely to be diagnosed than their U.S.-born counterparts; immigrants arriving in this country ten or more years ago had slightly more anxiety than immigrants arriving less than ten years ago (3% versus 2%, not significant). Among respondents with anxiety, 23% reported disability compared with 15% of those with depression. Compared with adults with neither diagnosis, adults with depression or anxiety were twice as likely to smoke tobacco (p<.05), adults with depression were twice as likely to have diabetes (p<.01), and those with anxiety were twice as likely to have asthma (p<.01). Mental disorders are often disabling and inadequately diagnosed and treated. Foreign-born adults experience barriers to diagnosis and treatment despite having less depression; anxiety may increase with time since immigration. Increased awareness of and linkage to mental health services are needed, especially in larger, more diverse urban communities.

ObjectiveApproximately 295 million individuals globally live with moderate to severe irreversible vision loss, primarily due to conditions such as glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy, and age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Vision impairment diminishes quality of life leading to higher rates of depression and anxiety. This study investigated the prevalence of anxiety and depression in patients with irreversible vision loss, with a comparative analysis across the conditions of AMD, diabetic retinopathy, and glaucoma.MethodsA comprehensive literature search was conducted in Medline, Embase, CINAHL, and Cochrane databases, supplemented by manual searches of conference literature.ResultsThe prevalence of depression in patients with irreversible vision loss was found to be 21% (95% CI: 0.17-0.26) among 76561 patients, with variations based on the cause: 27% (95% CI: 0.19-0.35) in AMD, 48% (95% CI: 0.32-0.64) in diabetic retinopathy, and 23% (95% CI: 0.16-0.29) in glaucoma. Anxiety prevalence was 22% (95% CI: 0.15-0.30) among 25616 patients.ConclusionThe high prevalence of depression and anxiety underscores the need for comprehensive healthcare approaches that incorporate mental health support, including vision rehabilitation, psychotherapy, pharmacological interventions, and lifestyle modifications. Future research should explore factors that protect against anxiety and depression, as well as address the long-term effects of vision loss treatments on mental health outcomes.

BackgroundThe literature shows the negative psychological impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak on frontline healthcare workers. However, few are known about the mental health of physicians and nurses working in general hospitals during the outbreak, caring for patients with COVID-19 or not.ObjectivesThis survey assessed differences in mental health in physicians and nurses working in COVID-19 or non-COVID-19 medical care units.DesignA cross-sectional mixed-mode survey was used to assess burnout, insomnia, depression, anxiety, and stress.SettingA total of 1,244 physicians and nurses from five general hospitals in Belgium, working in COVID-19 care units (CCU), non-COVID-19 care units (NCCU), or both (CCU + NCCU) were informed of the study.ParticipantsSix hundred forty-seven healthcare workers participated in the survey (response rate = 52%).MeasurementsValidated instruments were used to assess the outcomes: the PFI (burnout/professional fulfillment), the ISI (insomnia), and the DASS-21 (depression, anxiety, and stress).ResultsResults showed high prevalence of burnout, insomnia, depression, and anxiety among participants. After adjusting for confounders, multivariate analysis of variance showed no differences between CCU, NCCU, and CCU + NCCU workers. Univariate general linear models showed higher level of burnout, insomnia, and anxiety among nurses in comparison to physicians. Being a nurse, young, isolated, with an increased workload were risk factors for worse mental health outcomes.LimitationsThe mental health of the tested sample, before the outbreak, is unknown. Moreover, this cross-sectional design provides no information on the evolution of the mental health outcomes over time.ConclusionDirectly caring for patients with COVID-19 is not associated with worse mental health outcomes among healthcare workers in general hospitals. High prevalence of burnout, insomnia, depression, and anxiety among physicians and nurses requires special attention, and specific interventions need to be implemented.Protocol RegistrationClinicalTrials.gov, identifier NCT04344145.

Introduction: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disease that causes pain, stiffness and swelling in the joints. In addition to physical symptoms, RA is associated with considerable psychological burden including depression, anxiety and sleep disturbances. Previous research from Western countries has documented the high rates of co-morbid mental health conditions amongst RA patients. However, data from the Middle-eastern region remain limited. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of depression, anxiety and sleep disorders and their association with RA among Saudi adults. It also assessed the impact of mental health symptoms on patients’ health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Methods: A cross-sectional design was utilised. A sample of 1584 adult RA patients from the rheumatology clinics in Saudi Arabia was recruited. Participants completed validated self-report questionnaires assessing depression (Patient Health Questionnaire-9), anxiety (Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7), sleep quality (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index) and HRQoL (EQ-5D-5L). Sociodemographic and clinical information was also collected. The Chi-square tests analysed the associations between RA and mental health variables. Results: The sample consisted of 84.8% females, with a mean age of 34 years. Regarding clinical characteristics, 42.4% were diagnosed with RA 1–5 years ago and the mean symptom severity was 5.2. Regarding mental health, 42.4% and 72.7% reported depression symptoms including depressed mood and loss of interest, respectively. Anxiety symptoms such as excessive worry and restlessness were present in 36.4% and 60.6%, respectively. Over 63.6% experienced sleep difficulties. Significant associations were observed between RA and both depression (P &lt; 0.001) and anxiety (P &lt; 0.001). Mental health symptoms moderately to significantly interfere with daily functioning for 57.5%. Discussion: In this multi-centric cross-sectional study, researchers found in the literature review of previous studies high rates of mental health conditions; however, our research investigated the prevalence of mental health conditions and the association with RA disease. Our findings indicate significant association between RA and mental disorders, such as depression and anxiety. Finally, researchers of the study suggest to enhance the awareness level through RA patients to decrease the chance of developing mental health disorders and increase the HRQoL among RA patients. Conclusion: The study findings indicate a high prevalence of depression, anxiety and sleep disorders amongst adult Saudi RA patients. Strong associations were established between having RA and co-morbid depression as well as anxiety. A considerable proportion reported impaired HRQoL due to mental health symptoms. Integrating psychological screening and management into routine rheumatology care may help address the holistic needs of this patient group. Larger prospective studies are needed to provide further insight into the relationships between RA and co-morbid conditions.

The epidemic of acute coronary syndromes (ACS) poses a great challenge to depression. However, the prevalence of depression among ACS patients has not been fully determined. This meta-analysis aimed to provide an estimation of the global prevalence of depression among ACS patients (ACS depression). Online databases including PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and Scopus were searched for all relevant studies that reported the prevalence of ACS depression through March 2023. Pooled prevalence of ACS depression with 95% confidence interval (CI) was estimated by the random-effect model. All statistical analyses were performed using comprehensive meta-analysis software. This review was registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) (identifier CRD42023409338). A total of 28 studies (17 cohort studies, 9 cross-sectional studies, and 2 case-control studies) were included. The overall pooled prevalence of depression in ACS, derived from 28 studies, was 28.5% (95% CI: 0.28-0.29, P = .000, I2 = 99%). 21 included studies showed a prevalence of 20.3% (95% CI: 0.20-0.21, P = .000, I2 = 96%) in men, and the prevalence in women was 13.6% (95% CI: 0.13-0.14, P = .000, I2 = 95%). Subgroup analysis showed the lowest prevalence in Europe (20.7%, 95% CI: 0.20-0.22, P = .000, I2 = 98%); On different diagnostic criteria, the diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (DSM-IV) (36.8%, 95% CI: 0.35-0.38, P = .000, I2 = 96%) has the highest prevalence. In terms of end year of data collection, the prevalence of ACS depression was lower for studies that ended data collection after 2012 (25.7%, 95% CI: 0.25-0.27, P = .000, I2 = 99%) than in studies before 2012 (30%, 95% CI: 0.29-0.31, P = .000, I2 = 98%). This systematic review and meta-analysis suggest high global prevalence of depression among ACS patients, underlining the necessity of more preventive interventions among ACS patients especially in Asian and North American regions.

Prevalence of depression and associated socioeconomic factors: evolution from the pre- to post-COVID-19 periods

Psychiatric disorders are the conditions that most contribute to incapacity worldwide. While many healthcare professionals adapt in dealing with various demands, others do not. How much of these conditions is associated with affective experience needs to be studied. Assess the prevalence of anxiety, depression, and stress while investigating the relationship between the presence of positive and negative affect in healthcare professionals. This study's convenience sample consisted of 975 providers (including nursing, physicians, and multidisciplinary team) and administrative professionals (service and supervision teams) working at a general private hospital in Brazil. Data were collected in 2019 through a socio-demographic questionnaire, the Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21), and the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS-X). The results are shown through multinomial regression with odds ratio, 95% confidence interval, and P-value. The prevalence of depression, anxiety, and stress was 49.4%, 46.1%, and 49.8%, respectively, showing high prevalence. It was observed that a high presence of negative affect is associated with a greater likelihood of developing anxiety, depression, and stress, while a high presence of positive affect is associated with a lower likelihood of depression and stress prevalence. The high prevalence of anxiety, depression and stress in healthcare professionals is associated with the presence of negative affects. Mental disorders should be measured, and practices adopted to ensure well-being and job performance.