Clustering Regional Potential of Leading Agriculture Commodities in Mamberamo Raya, Papua

Transmission of risks between energy and agricultural commodities: Frequency time-varying VAR, asymmetry and portfolio management

Exports of agricultural commodities in Indonesia have the smallest contribution to state revenues and the movement of export values ​​in the last decade has not shown a significant increase compared to other export sectors. This shows that there are weaknesses in the export of agricultural commodities so that an analysis is needed to optimize export results to other countries. These weaknesses can be seen in terms of quality, price, infrastructure and technology. This study uses association rule analysis with the apriori algorithm with the aim of finding out what agricultural commodities are exported simultaneously and the resulting association rules. The apriori algorithm is an algorithm used to find association rules between items in a database by considering two main parameters, namely Support and Confidence. The data used is agricultural commodity export data obtained from the publication of the Central Statistics Agency in Indonesia in 2023. Based on the analysis carried out, there are 32 association rules generated with a minimum Support of 25% and a minimum Confidence of 80%. Then after the Lift Ratio test was carried out, all the rules generated met the Lift Ratio test with a value of more than 1. The association rules produced must have at least 2 to 4 agricultural export commodities in each rule. By knowing the association rules for agricultural commodity exports, it is hoped that export distribution in the agricultural sector can be further optimized for trading abroad so that it can cover existing weaknesses.

Do national strategies under the UN biodiversity and climate conventions address agricultural commodity consumption as deforestation driver?

Despite its effectiveness and extensive use, pesticides pose a serious risk to human health. The main way of their penetration into the human body is with food intake. The purpose of this study was to provide hygienic grounds for selecting criteria for pesticide detection in agricultural raw commodities, foodstuffs and soil on the example for fungicide). Materials and methods. The stability parameters of the investigated fungicides in crops typical for soil and climatic conditions of Ukraine have been presented by the results obtained in own field studies. Statistical processing of the results was performed by using the IBM SPSS Statistics Base v.22 Licensed Statistical Suite. Results and Discussion. In order to provide scientific and methodological grounds for national-scale monitoring of fungicide use, the study on dynamics of pesticide content in soil and agricultural commodities and on prediction of the safety of food grown on the soil treated with fungicides of different classes were conducted. According to the hygienic classification of pesticides by their stability in soil and in agricultural commodities, triazoles class compounds have been found out as the most hazardous; the classes of strobilurins, ethylene-bis-dithiocarbamates, cyanopyffoles, anilidopirimidines and anilides have been classified as moderately hazardous, and pyrazolecarboxamides have been assessed as low hazardous. According to the integral hazard index of food contaminated with pesticides, the most of the tested compounds belong to the 3 hazard classes, except for triazoles, strobilurins, and ethylene-bis-dithiocarbamates, which belong to the 2 hazard classes. Conclusion. The following selection criteria have been proposed for monitoring the level of agricultural commodity and food contamination with fungicides: allowable daily dose, hazard class according to toxicity parameters, half-life in agricultural commodities. For soil monitoring, it is recommended to take into account the organic carbon sorption coefficient, allowable daily dose, hazard class according to the parameters of toxicity, half-life in soil, persistence index.

Muhammad Rasyid (2019). Analysis of Leading Agricultural Commodities In Hulu Sungai Selatan District 2012-2016. Advisor: Dra. Hj. Ika Chandriyanti, MP. This research was conducted to (1) analyze the superior commodities of the agricultural sector in South Hulu Sungai Regency and (2) analyze changes and structural shifts in agricultural sector commodities. This study uses the Location Quotient (LQ) analysis tool to find out what agricultural commodities are superior commodities in South Hulu Sungai Regency and use Shift Share analysis tools to find out changes and structural shifts in agricultural commodities inSouth Hulu Sungai Regency. The results of this study indicate that the leading agricultural commodities in the South Hulu Sungai Regency are the food crops sub-sector: lowland rice, upland rice and sweet potato. Plantation sub-sectors: coconut, cocoa, clove, candlenut, kapok, sugar palm, cinnamon, rubber and coffee. Fisheries sub sector: cage cultivation and floating net culture. Forestry sub-sector: sawn wood. Animal Husbandry Sub Sector: free range chickens, pigs and ducks. based on shift share calculation shows that the agricultural commodity which experienced the highest change or shift was found in the plantation sub-sector, namely the oil palm commodity.Keywords: Determination of the Main Commodities in the Agriculture Sector in South Hulu Sungai Regency.

The purpose of this paper is to examine consumption patterns of the Greek consumer for agricultural and nonagricultural commodities by estimating a complete system of expend iture equations. The estimated expenditure and price elasticities of demand show that demand for agricultural commodities is income and pr ice inelastic, and that for nonagricultural commodities it is income elastic but price inelastic. The cross-price effects, both compensate d and uncompensated, appear to be strong between agricultural and non agricultural commodities and less significant among the agricultural commodities by themselves. Copyright 1987 by Oxford University Press.

The rise of Soybean in international commodity markets: A quantile investigation

Prices of agricultural commodities generally play an important role in the world market. However, it is important to know that the price and quantity relationship has been modified by other economic variables such as the recent accumulation of external debts and the sluggish growth of the world economy. This is especially true for heavily indebted developing countries. In general, import demand for agricultural commodities in both developing and developed countries is not sensitive to the prices of commodities (Sarris and Freebairn). Developed countries might import the quantity of agricultural products needed regardless of the price of the commodity for the following reasons (e.g., Japan): (a) most agricultural commodities (mainly grains) are a necessity; (b) the total value of agricultural imports is a small portion of the country's gross national product (GNP). On the other hand, developing countries tend to increase their imports of agricultural commodities for nutrition-based need when the prices are low and reduce their imports by substituting domestically produced commodities when prices are high. The price and quantity relationship, however, is influenced by the general economic conditions (e.g., external debt, balance of payments deficit, and growth rate of GNP) in developing countries. Interdependence between agricultural trade and macroeconomic variables such as debts, GNP growth, and the balance of payments is so complex that it is not easily modeled for empirically testing the hypotheses developed in the relevant economic theory. The topic of this section is, therefore, timely. The authors analyzed the complex trade issues related to foreign debt in developing countries, the origins of the recent external debt crisis, the implications of economic adjustments to service the debt, and impacts on agricultural trade. Grigsby and Pagoulatos focused on the recent accumulation of external debt in the Latin American countries and the implications of the debt on agricultural trade. Dutton, Grennes, and Johnson first eXamined direct and indirect effects of international capital flows on commodity trade and then discussed impacts of external debt on U.S. agricultural exports. Finally, Katz focused his presentation on the world bank's policy toward those countries with external debt problems. Their discussions were well grounded on relevant economic theory and provided valuable information in specifying empirical models in this subject area. Regarding the origins of the external debt in Latin American countries, Grigsby and Pagoulatos argue that the recent accumulation of external debts would be due mainly to (a) the sharp increase in oil prices, (b) high real interest rates, (c) overvalued exchange rates in high debt countries, and (d) aggressive lending policy of commercial banks in developed countries. The paper did not examine external debt caused by increased protectionism in developed countries. Some portion of developing countries' debt could be attributed, to some extent, to increased protectionism in developed countries that resulted in reductions in the quantities of agricultural and nonagricultural commodities traded in the world market. Sound economic growth based on foreign trade could generate enough capital to pay interest and principal of external debt (e.g., Korea). The opportunity to increase exports in some countries has been generally blocked by interventions in foreign trade markets. As an alternative, debtor countries have attempted to solve the problems by reducing imports and at the same time by exporting Won W. Koo is a professor of agricultural economics at North Dakota State University. North Dakota Agricultural Experiment Station Journal Article No. 1530.

This research paper employs input-output pricing model based on ecological-economic approach to investigate the impacts of internal factors as well as external forces on agriculture commodities. To empirically test our model, we select two different methodologies such as the optimal scaling regression with nonlinear transformations and feedforward artificial neural networks. Our sample includes data related to price of agriculture and energy commodities (cocoa, coffee and crude oil), production of crops and livestock, emissions of greenhouse gases (GHG) from agriculture from 1961 to 2019. Results find a bidirectional relationship between cocoa price and coffee price explaining by the fact that commodity-dependent countries often use kindred production landscapes and similar supply chain management when dealing with coffee and cocoa. Therefore, effect of supply side shocks may be transmitted from one market to another. We also present evidence that greenhouse gas emissions have strong effect on commodity price, thus we encourage an integrated approach including both concrete technological and proactive managerial measures in order to mitigate global warming impacts on the food system. We believe that these findings will be of interest to commodity producers, asset managers and academics who look a better understanding of the dynamics of commodity markets. JEL classification numbers: C50, Q02, Q57. Keywords: Agriculture commodity, Input-output pricing model, Ecological-economic approach, Artificial neural networks, Optimal scaling regression.

The fast growth in the number of muslims worldwide made the halal lifestyle a growing trend. This phenomenon has led to high demand for halal products, especially agricultural commodities. Halal certification efforts for agriculture commodities were not only considered beneficial for consumers but also for producers and business actors. With halal certification, consumer confidence in producers and business actors will increase, and it will have a positive impact on the profits of producers and business actors. This study aims to provide an overview of the importance of halal certification efforts for Indonesia's agricultural export commodities so that it can become a reference for the government in developing the national agro-industry. The method used in this research is descriptive analysis with a review of relevant literature through sources from journals, books, proceedings, publications, and electronic media. The results of the literature review show that the biggest challenge to halal certification in Indonesia lies in the procedures and processes. There was a risk of uncleanness occurring at several stages which may allow contamination of unclean and unclean materials during distribution or transportation. Amid during in the fast development of the global halal market, the high potential for the development of halal-certified organic products in Indonesia opens up opportunities for halal certification for agricultural commodities.

Agriculture is a key issue in the Uruguay Round of negotiations under the auspices of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT). Much attention has been directed toward reaching an agreement for the multilateral elimination of government policies that distort production, consumption, and .trade in agricultural commodities. While agricultural specialty commodities have not been a primary focus in these negotiations, these high-value commodities are an important source of trade revenue for many countries. This study is a qualitative analysis of the consumption, production, and trade implications of removing trade -distorting government policies for selected agricultural specialty commodities (fresh fruit and vegetables, wine, and tropical beverages) in major importing and exporting countries. Countries providing an off-season base for supplying fresh fruit and vegetables to major markets would benefit from the removal of tariffs by importing countries, but few gains would be expected from liberalizing markets for coffee and cocoa beans and tea. U.S. fruit and wine producers would likely gain from the opening of new export market opportunities.

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to study the market efficiency, unbiasedness and the direction of causality among four agricultural commodity futures contracts for a forecasting horizon of 28 days, 56 days and 84 days which are traded at National Commodity and Derivatives Exchange Ltd. Design/methodology/approach – To analyse the efficiency of futures market in Indian scenario, we focus on maize, chickpea, soybean and wheat which are among the most important agricultural commodities traded in India. In the first step, Augmented Dickey-Fuller test and nonparametric Phillips-Perron approaches have been used to examine the stationarity of all futures and spot price series. After testing the presence of cointegration in futures and spot series using Johansen’s Cointegration approach, the joint restrictions of β 0=0, β 1=1 and β 1=1 on the cointegrating vectors were imposed to test whether the futures price is an unbiased predictor of spot at contract maturity. In the next step, linear Toda and Yamamoto (1995) and the nonparametric Diks and Panchenko (2006) causality tests were applied to examine the direction of causality. Finally, nonlinear test were applied on the vector error correction model (VECM) residuals to investigate whether any remaining causality is strictly nonlinear in nature. Findings – The results of cointegration tests between futures and spot prices of the selected agricultural commodities indicated a long term relationship do exist in three out of four futures contracts. However, the Wald tests results on the cointegrating vectors indicate markets as inefficient and biased. Further, analysis of short-term relationship using alternate tests of causality do not give consistent results for same commodity series indicating that results may vary due to alternate measures and specifications. Finally, if we consider the results of Diks-Panchenko test on the filtered VECM-residuals, results provide evidence that if cointegration is taken into account; neither spot nor future leads or lags the other consistently. Research limitations/implications – The results are based on the sample of four agricultural futures commodity contracts. The study can be extended to a larger sample of contracts and relative efficiency of each contract can be explored. Originality/value – There are very few studies that have explored the efficiency, unbiasedness and direction of causality using both linear and nonlinear techniques for Indian agriculture commodity futures market for different forecasting horizons.

Co-movement of major energy, agricultural, and food commodity price returns: A time-series assessment

The development of superior commodity areas is a step in creating the economic growth’s region. This study aims to mapping the agricultural commodity areas that are feasible to be developed in 33 districts in North Sumatra. The mapping will be analysed using Static Location Quotient (SLQ) and Dynamic Location Quotient (DLQ) methods to determine superior, mainstay, prospective and underdeveloped criteria. The data used is secondary data including production data of 51 agricultural commodities at the provincial and district level in North Sumatra. The data analysis period is 2019-2020. The results showed that there were eight agricultural commodities became the superior commodities. These commodities are red chili, cabbage, tomatoes, eggplant, durian, salak, rubber, and marine fisheries. Areas that make red chili a superior commodity are Simalungun and Batubara districts. Cabbage and tomato commodities are featured in Karo district. Durian is the superior commodity in Dairi, Mandailing Natal, Karo, Langkat, and western phakpak. The commodity of salak is the superior commodity in South Tapanuli and Padangsidempuan district. Rubber commodity is the Superior commodity in 7 districts, namely Nias, Mandailing Natal, Tapanuli Tengah, Padanglawas Utara, Labuhanbatu Selatan, Labuhanbatu Utara, and Padangsidempuan. Marine fisheries are featured in Central Tapanuli, Asahan, Serdang Bedagai and Batubara.

PurposeThe study examines herding in the Indian stock and commodity futures market including agricultural, metal and energy commodities. Herding is studied under various market conditions: rising and declining, high and low volatility. The study also examines spillover effects of herding.Design/methodology/approachThe study adapts the cross-sectional absolute deviation model given by Chang et al. (2000) to examine herding in Indian stock and commodity futures markets.FindingsThe results of the study indicate absence of herding among commodity futures under all market conditions except for the declining market where herding is present among energy futures. The investors investing in agricultural and energy commodities have a higher tendency to herd during high volatility days as compared to low volatility days. Further, the study of herding spillover effects indicates that the price fluctuations in metal commodities affect herding in agricultural and energy commodities.Research limitations/implicationsThe results can help market participants to diversify the risk by investing in agricultural, metal and energy futures along with the stocks.Originality/valueMajority of the previous studies explore herding among stocks and ignore commodities especially agricultural commodities. This study attempts to fill the gap by studying herding among various commodity futures. To the best of our knowledge this is the first study to explore herding spillover effects in the Indian stock and commodity futures market.