Cluster Analysis on Variables and Indicators for Measuring Intellectual Capital in Education

The objective of the chapter is to provide a proposal of indicators of intellectual capital in higher education for the organizations that comprise it. The importance of valuing intellectual capital in educational organizations is to measure their contributions to society, which complement the financial landscape and allow comparison between similar institutions, in order to compare their performance. Therefore, the conclusion of carrying out this process in higher education is 1) providing adequate information on the value of HEIs to society, 2) assessing and directing the response capacity of the organization towards the needs of the productive and services sector (interest groups), 3) orienting the development of the components of intellectual capital towards a knowledge management that allows to solve in an efficient way the problems of the society, and 4) optimizing the human talent of the institution for the achievement of the organizational objectives.

The issue of efficient use of non-material resources both in business and education is currently generating increasing scientific interest across the globe. In this regard the article deals with the concept of professional capital and its components as the major prerequisites of ensuring high quality and efficiency of higher education. Professional capital of higher education is viewed as synthesis of intellectual, social and decisional capital of institutions of higher education which in their turn are realized through interpersonal communication, cooperation and networking, knowledge and experience of university employees, faculty, students and other higher education stakeholders, their relationships, achievements and decisions which altogether ensure the high quality and efficiency of higher education. Major components of professional capital, i.e. intellectual (including human and organizational capital), social, and decisional capital are characterized and detailed with respect to higher education. Human capital of higher education, an integral element of its intellectual capital, is analyzed and viewed at the following levels: personal (the level of an individual), microeconomic (the level of an institution), and macroeconomic (the level of higher education of a nation or the world). Social capital is primarily based on cooperation which is realized through the listed major activities within academia. Decisional capital involves making decisions in complex situations on innumerable occasions with a variety of problems and cases. Finally, the interpretation of professional capital of higher education is provided and its significance in ensuring high quality and efficiency of education is stressed as well as prospects for future research are outlined.

The article presents a sociological data analysis carried out to assess the adaptive potential of the teacher community and to search for the factors influencing this indicator. In the framework of theoretical generalizations, based on the author's understanding of the nature of adaptive potential, the paper presents a methodology for assessing the integral index of adaptive potential as a combination of intangible resources involved by the teachers in the process of adapting to new challenges of educational environment. The composition of adaptation resources was determined, which were combined into five blocks – educational capital, professional capital, social capital, cultural capital and information capital. As part of the experimental stage of the study, we used the data of a targeted survey of teachers in the territory of the Vologda Oblast, which was conducted in May-June 2020 by the Vologda Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences in an online questionnaire format. In accordance with the proposed methodology, the integral index of the teachers’ adaptive potential in the region was calculated. Clustering of the calculated data shows that the average adaptive potential prevails in the teacher community. A cluster analysis of the data of sociological measurements has made it possible to identify the factors affecting the adaptive capabilities of various groups of the teacher community, i.e. social moods, satisfaction in communicating with educational agents, the ability to combine work and family functions, the level of difficulty at school, etc. The novelty of the study, which is per se a modernization of E. M. Avraamova approach, is the use of the proposed methodology to assess the adaptive potential of teachers. The research results can be applied in the practice of general education management in the Russian regions.

Universities establish strategic plans to achieve their goals. However, these plans may not be successful if the needed resources are not available. Arguably, the most valuable resources in any university are the expertise of its faculty and staff; its intellectual capital. Therefore, if a university effectively measures and manages these valuable resources, it can more effectively create and deploy strategies to achieve its goals. This paper explores methods to effectively measure the intellectual capital in a university. It examines methodologies in the for-profit sector, creates analogies in the academic world, and then seeks to develop classifications which are meaningful in an academic environment. A study is done which mines an institutional repository to analyse expertise and proxy measures of intellectual capital. The results are analysed according to a production possibilities frontier theory.

The article presents the results of research on the human resources potential of Russian universities. The authors substantiate the relevance of the issue of the development of the main elements of intellectual capital. The results of the implementation of the social project "Golden Names of Universities" for the period from 2017 to 2022 are presented. The project is aimed at improving the social status of the "university teacher" profession through the implementation of a large-scale social project. The purpose is to summarize the results of the implementation of a social project as a complex of scientific, methodological and design developments for the development of intellectual capital of higher education using project and system approaches. The effectiveness of the project on the formation and development of a professional community of university teachers is substantiated. The events aimed at identifying talents and motivation to improve the quality of work of the teaching staff of universities, research work, development of educational programs and textbooks for beginning teachers, professional development of teachers, educational work, public and expert work, exchange of experience and organization of interuniversity interaction are presented. The main discussion platforms are indicated: the Public Chamber of the Russian Federation, the Presidential Grants Fund, the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation, the Committee on Science and Higher Education of the State Duma of the Russian Federation, where the results of the project were presented.

Intellectual Capital and Information Technologies in Education: Some Insights

This essay had the purpose to evaluate the interpretation of the top Brazilian companies’ managers towards the concept of Intellectual Capital, in comparison with the concept shown in the relevant literature, in order to raise data that could indicate the trends of the development and application of such concept within the Brazilian economic and business environment. The exploratory and descriptive research was based in a sample of 30 managers. The data analysis using qualitative method (cluster analysis and Mann-Whitney test) suggested that managers have an interpretation of the Intellectual Capital concept which is similar to the theory, and that they usually identify the elements in accordance with the theory and make investments on such elements. In addition to that, the research shows that managers have a tendency to utilize managerial control models due to the non-existence of follow-up on such investments. Therefore, according to the research, there is room for the development of models focusing the management of Intellectual Capital elements through This essay had the purpose to evaluate the interpretation of the top Brazilian companies’ managers towards the concept of Intellectual Capital, in comparison with the concept shown in the relevant literature, in order to raise data that could indicate the trends of the development and application of such concept within the Brazilian economic and business environment. The exploratory and descriptive research was based in a sample of 30 managers. The data analysis using qualitative method (cluster analysis and Mann-Whitney test) suggested that managers have an interpretation of the Intellectual Capital concept which is similar to the theory, and that they usually identify the elements in accordance with the theory and make investments on such elements. In addition to that, the research shows that managers have a tendency to utilize managerial control models due to the non-existence of follow-up on such investments. Therefore, according to the research, there is room for the development of models focusing the management of Intellectual Capital elements through Management Accounting. Key-words: Intellectual capital. Management accounting. Intellectual capital concept.

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore the relationship between intellectual capital (IC) and performance of public universities in emerging countries in order to identify patterns and provide recommendations that may turn the universities’ IC into development opportunities, in terms of research, innovation, and education.Design/methodology/approachThe analysis targeted the whole population of the public universities in the Republic of Colombia. A cluster analysis, based on five performance variables, has been conducted. Then, the IC of the universities pertaining to the three resulting clusters has been compared. Subsequently, for each performance variable, the IC of above-average and below-average universities has been benchmarked.FindingsThe results of this study show how different aspects of IC are associated with University performance. Among the many, the authors found that universities should achieve a critical mass to obtain outstanding research and innovation results. The findings also identify the particular importance of both students and scholars’ international mobility programs for most of the performance variables.Social implicationsThis study provides a baseline for the assessment of the impact on society of the IC available in the universities of emerging countries. The application may serve as a guide in the choice of public policies, dedicated to the strengthening of the universities’ IC in order to improve their performance.Originality/valueThis paper proposes an innovative model to analyze the relationship between IC and university performance in emerging countries. The model identifies the association between the IC accrued in the universities and their capability of transferring it to the society under the form of science, innovation, and education.

Quality of Education and Intellectual Capital: Analysis of the Competitive Position of Universities

Currently, the Intellectual Capital (IC) is considered as the principle provenance for gaining competitive advantage in the knowledge economy. Many researchers and practitioners have tried to determine the several forms of the IC. They suggest several models to measure intellectual capital in the cause to permit the companies to well direct their hidden assets. The goal of this research is to compute the IC in Algerian companies using two models in order to propose a new model compatible with the Algerian companies managerial culture. This study tests the magnitude of the utilization of the IC in 14 companies through two models proposed by Sharbati, Jawad and Bontis, (2010) which divide IC into human capital, structural capital and relational capital and the model of Choudhury, (2010) which separates IC into four forms: human capital, social capital and organizational capital. This study goes into the examination of the effect of Intellectual Capital (IC) in Algerian Companies on Business Performance (BP). The data were collected from 307 employees by means of a questionnaire. These two models allow to formalize a new model using cluster analysis which is tested in new study using four companies. This study found in the two models that human capital has a weak relationship with the company’s performance. This signifies that IC should be integrated in the preparation of the company’s strategy. These results relate the need to increase the awareness of the managers on the significance of intellectual capital and its elements with a view to rise the performance of Algerian companies. About the new model proposed, the results show that there is an intermediate variable and moderate variable interferes the link between IC and customer satisfaction instead of the business performance.

The paper aims to elucidate the value creation and strategic groups of financial capital (FC) and intellectual capital (IC), which will serve as the criteria for business valuation and strategic management. We apply the strategic group concept to explore the value relevance of FC and IC. Cluster analysis is utilized to discover patterns in data. This paper leverages a model to represent value creation and cites four aspects of IC, referred to as “other information,” to combine IC and the Ohlson model. The empirical results indicate that value creation is influenced by both IC and FC. Taiwan's information technology industry can be classified into three strategic groups. The models of growth firms and stability firms have more explanatory capacities when compared. The contributions of IC to defensive firms yield more incremental information. The findings also indicate the contingency perspective of value creation. To create higher corporate value, enterprises must formulate their IC and FC strategies based on their organizational traits.

A Caribbean University in the Global South is committed to sustaining Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) "Leadership" research as it remains a crucial driver for leading social and economic transformation in the aftermath of the COVID-19 global pandemic. This exploratory study aims to examine the extent to which a“TVET Leadership'' focus exists in research titles of final projects/theses from this University’s Leadership in TVET and Workforce Development graduate programs and explore directions for future knowledge development. Using content analysis, these final research projects/theses’ titles were thematically categorized that revealed a lot more emphasis on such themes as TVET stakeholder perceptions, pedagogy, and youth participation than “Leadership.” These findings will resonate with local “TVET” research supervisors and supervisees in the Global South at a premiere Caribbean university in knowing what research has been done in their chosen field in avoiding duplication of efforts and knowing what remains to be researched. The study findings will also contribute to the limited scholarly literature from the Caribbean in the Global South on knowledge development in TVET “Leadership” research.

Visualization of Global Research Trends and Future Research Directions of Intellectual Capital in Higher Education Using Bibliometric Analysis

The Impact of Technological, Individual, and Community Factors in Driving Organizational Social Intellectual Capital in Higher Education: A Path Analysis

Although intellectual capital (IC) is the most important factor determining the economic growth, the literature on country-level IC is not quite enough, and more advances are required to improve the assistance to policy makers in the knowledge era. There are different approaches to measuring and managing intangibles, which opens research opportunities and offers new tools to manage IC. This paper contributes to identify, select, and classify models to evaluate and manage intangibles at the country level. The models were identified through a systematic literature review. They were analyzed and compared using cluster analysis. The results show that the models can be grouped into two main categories according to origin and structure. Despite the differences among the models, the reports tend to converge, because of which the decision about which model to choose can be based on pragmatic issues, such as availability of data, previous knowledge, and complexity of reports.