Close, but how Close? Understanding Proximity Perceptions of Public Transport Construction Sites

This article presents the analysis of the international experience of the use of pervious concrete in transport infrastructure. It provides the advantages and disadvantages of the material and the results of personal laboratory tests of relevant concrete samples. The object of the research is the use of pervious concrete in the construction of transport infrastructure. The objective of the paper is to justify the use of pervious concrete in the construction of transport infrastructure by analyzing previous international experience and lab tests of the corresponding concrete samples. Research methods included a analysis of the international and domestic literature, the evaluation of the experience in the use of the pervious concrete, and laboratory tests of the corresponding concrete samples. A review of the world experience connected with research of pervious (draining) concrete, installation and operation of layers of aerodrome surface made of it, proved their technical and economic relevance and effectiveness of their application. Pervious concrete is a material with high open porosity, which provides good sound-absorbing properties and drainage ability together with roughness, smoothness, and transverse friction. These are advantages of pervious concrete pavements, according to foreign studies: a rapid removal of water from the surface of the pavements in case of rain and improved drainage of road and airfield pavements reduce the risk of aquaplaning vehicles and increase traffic safety in rainy weather; increased and stable surface roughness; reduced level of noise provided by vehicles. The draining ability of the pavements makes it almost dry. It also has a high degree of sound absorption. The results of the article can be implemented in various technologies of construction and repair of transport infrastructure. The search for the optimal composition of pervious concrete for its further use in the technology of construction and repair of various objects is the main purpose of predictive assumptions about the development of the object of study.

In realizing the success of a city into a smart city, it is necessary to improve services for people who are residents of the city, improving public services is a focus for stakeholders. Various efforts have been made, such as the construction of public service infrastructure and transportation infrastructure which has recently focused on intelligence. Providing health care services for people who need them quickly and on target is intelligent technology that can support the achievement of smart cities. In this study specifically discussed the provision of services to the community or patients who experience sudden health disorders or called emergency, in terms of managing emergency patients then given the main service (priority), so that the priority level of patient priorities can be divided into several priorities.

Construction is a large sector of the economy and plays a significant role in creating economic growth and national development,and construction of transportation infrastructure is critical. This project developed a method to detect, classify, monitor, and track objects during the construction, maintenance, and rehabilitation of transportation infrastructure by using artificial intelligence and a deep learning approach. This study evaluated the performance of AI and deep learning algorithms to compare their performance in detecting and classifying the equipment in various construction scenes. Our goal was to find the optimized balance between the model capabilities in object detection and memory processing requirements. Due to the lack of a comprehensive image database specifically developed for transportation infrastructure construction projects, the first portion of this study focused on preparing a comprehensive database of annotated images for various classes of equipment and machinery that are commonly used in roadway construction and rehabilitation projects. The second part of the project focused on training the deep learning models and improving the accuracy of the classification and detection algorithms. The outcomes of the trained and improved deep learning classification model were promising in terms of the precision and accuracy of the model in detecting specific objects at a highway construction site. It should be noted that the scope of this project was limited to the image and video data recorded from the ground-level and cannot be extended to Uncrewed Aerial System (UAS) data. This study provides valuable insights on the potentials of AI and deep learning to improve the monitoring and thus safety and efficiency of transportation infrastructure construction.

Motor Vehicle Tax is one of the taxes included in the Earmarking Tax policy where the amount of allocation is at least 10% of the proceeds of motor vehicle tax receipts and is used for the construction of transportation infrastructure. This provision is explained in Law No. 28 of 2009. In Banten Province this provision is described in Banten Regional Regulation No. 1 of 2011. Even though it has been set at minimum of 10%, but the problem of road damage is still a lot in some places, due to many vehicles on the highway, which can make accidents and congestion. The Problems that occur due to unfavorable road conditions make a public perception of public services provided by the government. The purpose of this study is to analyze the application of Motor Vehicle Tax allocation in its designation for the construction of transportation facilities and infrastructure in Banten Province. The research method used is a qualitative method descriptive approach. The results of this study indicate that the allocation of 10% PKB cannot yet be fully implemented for the construction and maintenance of road infrastructure in Banten Province. Considering, there are several problems related to the implementation of the policy. Keywords : Earmarking Tax Motor Vehicle Tax, Usability Principle

Each and every city has its own rhythm, to a large extent depending on structural conditions like the prevalent economic base, the composition of the population (age, religion, migrational status, etc.), the development and condition of the infrastructure, the regulatory framework regarding time, but also geographic, locational, historic, and cultural factors. City rhythms are an important factor of local identity but also of the temporal efficiency and temporal justice of cities. Depending on the construction of public transport infrastructure and the provision of services, different parts of the population and different parts of the city do not have equal access to the respective relevant locations. Some have to bear higher temporal costs to get their daily chores done than others, thus producing an uneven distribution of time in the city with respect to social groups and locations. Moreover, the provision of public services is often organised in an inefficient manner leading to (unnecessary) time losses. Hence, the main cause of temporal stress (and higher temporal costs) is not necessarily time shortage but rather an unequal distribution of resources and choices to organise daily time uses. The chapter is dealing with basic concepts of urban rhythms, the temporal efficiency of cities and the impact of temporal inefficiency on temporal/social justice. Since very little material is available, the central focus will be on elaborating central questions based on a variety of practical examples.

摘 要 公共建設旨在維持經濟生產條件，改善基礎設施服務水準。公共建設直接影響民眾生活，同時亦提供產業優質發展環境，藉以持續發展經濟、提升競爭力，及改善人民生活品質，現代化民主國家無不此為目標。在全球化趨勢日趨高漲的環境下，經濟產業升級的壓力也日益形迫切，而環保、生態、福利需求、生活品質的提升上，均有賴清明的政府與英明的領導。 本研究旨在探討公共建設支出與部落經濟發展之關係研究，並以南投縣仁愛鄉南豐村及萬豐村為例。同時從多元文化主義及依賴理論的觀點詮釋相關文獻。多元文化主義強調的「公平正義」，即無論是社會主流或非主流，都應獲得同樣的對待，並且對弱勢族群給於特別的扶持，例如「傾斜政策」的提供或其他政策的優待。依賴理論強調，「核心-邊陲」概念。許多國家貧窮落後的主因，不是像現代化理論所宣稱來自其內部的因素，依賴論者指責歐美運用國際體系間的社會經濟依賴，使衛星「（落後國）」成為「都會（先進國）」發展的補充，並做為其擴張的踏腳石。本研究之「依賴理論」主要推論，是將「國家」或「資本主義」和 「原住民社會」當作兩個獨立變項來推論，在歷史過程裡，原住民社會發展的動力，主要被「國家」(或更廣義的「外來政權力或「資本主義」(或由資本主義延伸而來的市場經濟)所影響。 經研究發現，90年代以前幾乎沒有原住民地區完整的公共建設計畫，因此體出六項建議一、原鄉的公共建設應「由上而下」與「由下而上」並行。二、建設經費之挹注，應從「需求面」思考。三、國家必制定一套嚴格的選舉規則。四、法令鬆綁。五、農業生產及運銷上公部門應做有效的行政指導。六、對原住民地區之公共建設應做長遠、完整及整體的規劃。

Aggregates are an important non-renewable resource and the primary raw material for land transport and building infrastructure. New Zealand as a country has an abundant endowment of rock minerals suitable for aggregate for the construction, maintenance, and recycling of public and private infrastructure. However, due to a deficit in infrastructure planning and development for a number of decades, strong population growth in many areas and much of New Zealand’s public infrastructure is coming to the end of its useful and/or economic life — there is an increasing demand for aggregates in many regions of New Zealand. Some regions of New Zealand have difficulties sourcing appropriate materials locally for infrastructure purposes, and there are increasing sensitivities to the extraction of aggregates from communities and iwi/hapu (tribes) who have experienced and seen the effects of poor industry extraction and environmental practices and the lack of monitoring and regulation of consent conditions. Little appropriate data is currently available either nationally or within regions to sustainably plan, manage, use and reuse/recycle aggregates for various public or private infrastructure and therefore to enable the forecasting of future aggregate demand. This paper develops a better understanding of the supply and demand issues both nationally and within regions with the aim of informing a future aggregate strategy to better manage aggregate resources. The paper reviews New Zealand and international literature, reviews aggregate and land use consent data, and evaluates novel methods of EROAD truck transponder data to evaluate aggregate haul distances. Finally, we provide recommendations on how to better manage aggregate supply and demand in New Zealand.

The digital signature is a key technology in the forthcoming Internet society for electronic healthcare as well as for electronic commerce. Efficient exchanges of authorized information with a digital signature in healthcare information networks require a construction of a public key infrastructure (PKI). In order to introduce a PKI to healthcare information networks in Japan, we proposed a development of a user authentication system based on a PKI for user management, user authentication and privilege management of healthcare information systems. In this paper, we describe the design of the user authentication system and its implementation. The user authentication system provides a certification authority service and a privilege management service while it is comprised of a user authentication client and user authentication serves. It is designed on a basis of an X.509 PKI and is implemented with using OpenSSL and OpenLDAP. It was incorporated into the financial information management system for the national university hospitals and has been successfully working for about one year. The hospitals plan to use it as a user authentication method for their whole healthcare information systems. One implementation of the system is free to the national university hospitals with permission of the Japanese Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology. Another implementation is open to the other healthcare institutes by support of the Medical Information System Development Center (MEDIS-DC). We are moving forward to a nation-wide construction of a PKI for healthcare information networks based on it.

Although substantial studies emphasized the close relationship among land development, public infrastructure, and urban economic growth, the mediating effect of public infrastructure remains unexplored. Using panel data of 253 prefecture-level Chinese cities from 1999 to 2012, we empirically conduct a mediating effect analysis to examine how land development promotes urban economic growth. It is found that land development has a positive impact on public infrastructure, whereas the construction of public infrastructure is positively related with urban economic growth. Therefore, land development exerts a positive influence on urban economic growth through one important mediator: public infrastructure. It is also found that the mediating effect of public infrastructure is partial. The estimation results are robust to various specifications and sensitivity analysis.

A method for calculating the uncertainty of the tensile strength during bending of concrete prisms used in the construction of transport infrastructure

Modelling induced mode switch behaviour in Bangladesh: A multinomial logistic regression approach

China is in the process of rapid urbanization and rapid economic development. The demand for infrastructure construction is getting higher and higher, but government funds are limited and cannot meet its needs. With the decline of government investment in the construction of public infrastructure, and the role of private capital enterprises in the construction of public infrastructure has begun to play an increasingly important role, and the continuous development of marketization of investment and financing models, a new financing model has been introduced—Public-Private-Partnership (PPP) model, that is, the cooperation model between public government departments and private enterprises. At the present stage of the development of China’s PPP model, there are many problems: inadequate legal systems, inadequate supervision and management, insufficient understanding of the PPP model in various regions, inadequate risk taking and benefit distribution, and large government credit risks. In view of this, we should start to improve the legal and regulatory system related to the PPP model, establish a sound supervision and management mechanism, establish a specialized PPP management agency, establish a reasonable risk sharing and benefit sharing mechanism, and establish an information sharing platform. Therefore, this article starts from the deep meaning of the PPP model, the current status of development in China, the problems that arise, and better solutions to study it in depth.

Smart card-automated fare collection systems now routinely record large volumes of data comprising the origins and destinations of travelers. Processing and analyzing these data open new opportunities in urban modeling and travel behavior research. This study seeks to develop an accurate framework for the study of urban mobility from smart card data by developing a heuristic primary location model to identify the home and work locations. The model uses journey counts as an indicator of usage regularity, visit-frequency to identify activity locations for regular commuters, and stay-time for the classification of work and home locations and activities. London is taken as a case study, and the model results were validated against survey data from the London Travel Demand Survey and volunteer survey. Results demonstrate that the proposed model is able to detect meaningful home and work places with high precision. This study offers a new and cost-effective approach to travel behavior and demand research.

Does transportation infrastructure construction promote population agglomeration? Evidence from 1838 Chinese county-level administrative units

Using recycled asphalt pavement in construction of transportation infrastructure: Alaska experience