CLINICOPATHOLOGICAL STUDY ON CARCINOMA OF ESOPHAGUS

Abstract

Background: Oesophageal cancer is among the most severe gastrointestinal cancers in the world due to its quick progression and often fatal prognosis. There is a lack of available information on oesophageal cancer in India, especially in the research area. This research was performed to outline the clinicopathological as well as endoscopic patterns of oesophageal cancer in this area of the globe. The research offers local data as a baseline for future comparisons. Objectives: To know the occurrence of Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC ) and Adenocarcinoma (AC) of the esophagus in patients visiting Shree Krishna Hospital, Karamsad, to know the etiological factors of carcinoma esophagus, to identify disease presentation, prognosis, and progression, and to study the distribution of tumors in relation to age, sex, site of occurrence, and treatment. Study Design: Retrospective, observational study Methodology: This is a retrospective observational analysis of 150 histologically verified cases of oesophageal cancer treated at “Pramukhswami Medical College” (PSMC) and “Shree Krishna Hospital” (SKH), Karamsad between august 2020 to July 2022. Data were obtained and examined from the computer database of medical records. Results: Out of 150 patients,which accounts for 25 percent of all malignant gastrointestinal tract tumors at our hospital. The majority of patients (52 percent) came from rural regions and had poor socioeconomic positions. 43.33 percent of patients had smoking and 41.33 percent had drinking records, respectively. The middle 3rd esophagus (32.17%) was the most prevalent anatomical location for esophageal cancer followed by the cervical esophagus (18.88%) & gastro-oesophageal junction (13.99%). The most frequent histological form was SCC (86.33 percent). Conclusion Lack of awareness of the disease, poor accessibility to healthcare facilities, lack of diagnostic and staging facilities, lack of screening programs and the high cost of care are among the hallmarks of the disease in this region and pose a great challenge in the management of these patients. Addressing these challenges will help reverse this trend.