Clinico-hematological and Cytogenetic Study of Myeloid Neoplasms: A cross-sectional Study from South India

Abstract

Listen

Translate article

ABSTRACT Background: Myeloid neoplasms are clonal diseases arising in hematopoietic stem or progenitor cells consisting of myeloproliferative neoplasm (MPN), myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), and acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Aim: To re-classify the myeloid neoplasm as per the World Health Organization (WHO)-5 classification and to study the frequency of occurrence and clinical, hematological, and cytogenetic profile of myeloid neoplasms. Settings and Design: A cross-sectional study was conducted for a period of 1 and a 1/2 years from January 2019 to June 2020. Materials and Methods: All the cases newly diagnosed as myeloid neoplasms during this period were included in the study. Clinical features, and hematological and cytogenetic findings were compiled. Statistical Analysis: For categorical data, the number and percentage were used. The Chi-square (χ2) test was used for association between two categorical variables. If the P value was < 0.05, then the results were considered to be statistically significant. Data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software v. 23 (IBM Statistics, Chicago, USA) and Microsoft Office 2007. Results and Conclusion: A total of 51 cases were observed during the study period. The cases ranged from 14 to 74 years with maximum cases occurring between 51 and 60 years with a male-to-female (M: F) ratio of 1:1.25. Among the 51 cases of myeloid neoplasms, 28 (55%) cases of MPN, 14 (27%) cases of AML, five (10%) cases of MDS, and four (8%) cases of MPN/MDS were observed in their decreasing frequency. The most common symptoms were constitutional symptoms, such as generalized weakness, easy fatigability, and fever. Bone marrow study played a major role in diagnosis. The cytogenetic study complemented the diagnosis. A high clinical suspicion along with a good morphological diagnosis using peripheral smear, bone marrow aspiration, and biopsy supplemented by special stains and molecular studies will enable early and efficient diagnosis of myeloid neoplasms.