Abstract
Methods: The study was a 6-year interventional observation study. It was a multicenter study that included four hospitals. Four hundred thirteen elderly patients ( 65 years of age) were followed with type 2 diabetes mellitus attending each hospital for 1 year or longer. Patients receiving hemodialysis or with uncured malignancy were excluded. Patients were treated with intensive glucose management (aiming for hemoglobin A1c [HbA1c] of < 7%), intensive blood pressure (BP) management (< 140/70 or < 140/85 mm Hg if older than 70 years of age), cholesterol management, and lifestyle modification if overweight. Development, worsening, and improvement of retinopathy and nephropathy and respective risk factors were evaluated.
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