Clinical Profile and Demographic Distribution of Acanthamoeba Keratitis: An Electronic Medical Record-Driven Data Analytics from an Eye Care Network in India

Abstract

ABSTRACT Objective To describe the clinical profile of patients presented with Acanthamoeba keratitis (AK) to a multi-tier ophthalmology hospital network in India. Methods This cross-sectional hospital-based study included 1945339 new patients registering between September 2016 and May 2022. Patients with clinically confirmed diagnosis of AK in one or both eyes were included in the study. All the relevant data were documented using an electronic medical record (EMR) system. Results A total of 245 (0.013%) patients were diagnosed with AK and majority were male (62.86%) with unilateral (99.59%) affliction. The most common age group was during the fourth decade of life, 65 (26.53%) patients and predominantly were adults (95.51%). The prevalence of the infection was higher in patients from a lower socioeconomic status (43.27%) from rural geography (52.24%) and in agriculture-related work (28.16%). The most common inciting factor was injury with vegetative matter (8.98%), dust (7.76%) and contact lens wear (4.49%). The majority of the eyes had blindness (20/400 to 20/1200) in 116 (47.15%) eyes with a presenting visual acuity (logMAR) of 2.14 ± 1.04. Among the surgical interventions, therapeutic keratoplasty was performed in 41 (16.67%) eyes, penetrating keratoplasty in 22 (8.94%) eyes, and evisceration in 2 (0.81%) eyes. Conclusion AK more commonly affects males presenting during the fourth decade of life from lower socio-economic status and is predominantly unilateral. A fourth of the affected eyes underwent keratoplasty and the majority had significant visual impairment at presentation.